IRSTEA, UR MALY, Laboratory Dynam, 5 rue de la Doua, - BP 32108, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
University of Liège, Applied and Fundamental Fish Research Center (AAFISH), Biology of behaviour Unit, Laboratory of Fish Demography and Hydroecology, 22 Quai Van Beneden, 4020 Liège, Belgium.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Feb 1;578:109-120. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.155. Epub 2016 Nov 10.
Modeling individual fish habitat selection in highly variable environments such as hydropeaking rivers is required for guiding efficient management decisions. We analyzed fish microhabitat selection in the heterogeneous hydraulic and thermal conditions (modeled in two-dimensions) of a reach of the large hydropeaking Rhône River locally warmed by the cooling system of a nuclear power plant. We used modern fixed acoustic telemetry techniques to survey 18 fish individuals (five barbels, six catfishes, seven chubs) signaling their position every 3s over a three-month period. Fish habitat selection depended on combinations of current microhabitat hydraulics (e.g. velocity, depth), past microhabitat hydraulics (e.g. dewatering risk or maximum velocities during the past 15days) and to a lesser extent substrate and temperature. Mixed-effects habitat selection models indicated that individual effects were often stronger than specific effects. In the Rhône, fish individuals appear to memorize spatial and temporal environmental changes and to adopt a "least constraining" habitat selection. Avoiding fast-flowing midstream habitats, fish generally live along the banks in areas where the dewatering risk is high. When discharge decreases, however, they select higher velocities but avoid both dewatering areas and very fast-flowing midstream habitats. Although consistent with the available knowledge on static fish habitat selection, our quantitative results demonstrate temporal variations in habitat selection, depending on individual behavior and environmental history. Their generality could be further tested using comparative experiments in different environmental configurations.
在像有压流水河流这样高度多变的环境中，对鱼类个体生境选择进行建模，是做出高效管理决策的前提。我们分析了大型有压流水的罗讷河局部受一座核电站冷却系统加热的一段河道中，鱼类在异质水力和热力条件（二维建模）下的微生境选择。我们使用现代固定声学遥测技术，在三个月的时间里，每 3 秒对 18 条鱼（5 条须鲶、6 条鲶鱼、7 条圆鳍雅罗鱼）的位置进行监测，这些鱼会发出信号。鱼类生境选择取决于当前微生境水力条件（例如流速、水深）、过去微生境水力条件（例如过去 15 天的脱水风险或最大流速）的组合，并且在较小程度上还取决于底质和温度。混合效应生境选择模型表明，个体效应通常比特定效应更强。在罗讷河，鱼类个体似乎会记住空间和时间上的环境变化，并采取“最不受限制”的生境选择。它们通常避开水流湍急的河心区，生活在高脱水风险的河岸区。然而，当流量下降时，它们会选择更高的流速，但同时避开脱水区和水流湍急的河心区。尽管这些结果与静态鱼类生境选择的现有知识一致，但我们的定量结果表明，生境选择会随个体行为和环境历史而发生时间上的变化。其普遍性可以通过在不同环境配置下进行比较实验来进一步检验。
