Fallahi P, Elia G, Bonatti A
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa.
Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Clin Ter. 2016 Sep-Oct;167(5):e117-e122. doi: 10.7417/CT.2016.1954.
Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by Leishmania and spread by the bite of certain types of sandflies. Leishmaniasis affects as many as 12 million people worldwide, with 2 million new cases each year. Leishmania infection, and Leishmaniasis, following occupational exposure has been also reported. Three forms of Leishmaniasis are known: a- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL); b-Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis; c- Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). The visceral form of Leishmaniasis has an estimated incidence of 500,000 new cases. Cytokines and chemokines primarily orchestrate leukocyte recruitment to the areas of leishmania infection, and they are critical mediators of immune and inflammatory responses, in particular of the induction of Interferon (IFN)-γ and IFN-γ dependent chemokines. Skin biopsies from patients with CL showed higher expression of interferon-γ-induced protein (IP)-10, in recent lesions than in late lesions. Following L. braziliensis infection, enhanced expression of IP-10 and its receptor, chemokine C-X-C receptor (CXCR) 3, was predominantly detected in CD14(+) monocyte; this may contribute to disease severity by increasing cellular recruitment. It has been shown that IP-10 renders protection against VL, and it is associated with a strong host-protective T helper cell (Th)1 immune response. High clinical scores were positively correlated with IP-10 expression. Furthermore IP-10 is critical for rendering a protective cellular immunity during soluble leishmanial antigen (SLA) pulsed-CpG-ODN stimulated dendritic cells (SLA-CpG-DCs) vaccination that confers protection against L. donovani infection. Further studies are needed to evaluate IP-10 in Leishmaniosis, and to evaluate it as a potential therapeutic target.
利什曼病是一种由利什曼原虫引起、通过某些种类的白蛉叮咬传播的疾病。全球多达1200万人受利什曼病影响，每年有200万新发病例。职业暴露后发生利什曼原虫感染及利什曼病的情况也有报告。已知利什曼病有三种形式：a - 皮肤利什曼病（CL）；b - 黏膜皮肤利什曼病；c - 内脏利什曼病（VL）。内脏型利什曼病估计有50万新发病例。细胞因子和趋化因子主要协调白细胞向利什曼原虫感染区域募集，它们是免疫和炎症反应的关键介质，尤其是干扰素（IFN）-γ及IFN -γ依赖性趋化因子诱导过程中的关键介质。CL患者的皮肤活检显示，近期皮损中干扰素-γ诱导蛋白（IP）-10的表达高于晚期皮损。感染巴西利什曼原虫后，IP -10及其受体趋化因子C - X - C受体（CXCR）3的表达增强，主要在CD14(+)单核细胞中检测到；这可能通过增加细胞募集导致疾病严重程度增加。已表明IP -10对VL具有保护作用，且与强大的宿主保护性辅助性T细胞（Th）1免疫反应相关。高临床评分与IP -10表达呈正相关。此外，在可溶性利什曼原虫抗原（SLA）脉冲 - CpG - ODN刺激的树突状细胞（SLA - CpG - DCs）疫苗接种过程中，IP -10对于产生保护性细胞免疫至关重要，该疫苗接种可预防杜氏利什曼原虫感染。需要进一步研究评估利什曼病中的IP -10，并将其作为潜在治疗靶点进行评估。
