Magyar Éva Erzsébet, Csábi Györgyi, Tényi Tamás, Tényi Dalma
Pecsi Tudomanyegyetem, Klinikai Orvostudomanyok Doktori Iskola, Pecs, Hungary, E-mail:
Psychiatr Hung. 2016;31(3):256-260.
Food addiction is a condition presenting with a similar symptomatology to that of drug addiction, with an underlying individual sensitivity and special adaptation to certain foods, being consumed regularly. The concept of food addiction created one of the central issues in addiction research, owing to the pandemic spreading of obesity causing serious public health concerns. Development of an objective, standardized measuring tool of food addiction has become markedly necessary for both research and public health purposes.
Literature overview in the fields of food addiction and Yale Food Addiction Scale (1956-2016).
For the establishment of food addiction diagnosis, the Yale Food Addiction Scale has become the most widely used method. It is an English questionnaire consisting of 25 questions, having been developed according to the 7 substance use disorder criteria in DSM-IV. The scale provides the possibility of diagnosis establishment, as well as measurement of food addiction severity. Development of the scale has given way to a number of new scientific results. The mean prevalence of food addiction is 19.7%, being more common in women, obese individuals, people >35 years and patients with already established eating disorders (binge eating disorder, bulimia). The most common symptom is the 'persistent desire or repeated unsuccessful attempts to quit'. A positive association has been recognized between food addiction symptomcount and the reward system dysfunction.
The Yale Food Addiction Scale is a psychometrically valid, objective and standardized tool, being not only useful in addiction research but also helping in diagnosis establishment in clinical practice.
食物成瘾是一种症状与药物成瘾相似的状况，个体对某些经常食用的特定食物具有敏感性和特殊适应性。由于肥胖症的广泛流行引发了严重的公共卫生问题，食物成瘾的概念成为成瘾研究的核心问题之一。开发一种客观、标准化的食物成瘾测量工具对于研究和公共卫生目的而言已变得极为必要。
对食物成瘾和耶鲁食物成瘾量表领域（1956 - 2016年）的文献进行综述。
为了建立食物成瘾诊断，耶鲁食物成瘾量表已成为使用最广泛的方法。它是一份英文问卷，由25个问题组成，是根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版中的7种物质使用障碍标准制定的。该量表提供了建立诊断以及测量食物成瘾严重程度的可能性。该量表的开发催生了许多新的科学成果。食物成瘾的平均患病率为19.7%，在女性、肥胖个体、35岁以上人群以及已确诊饮食失调（暴饮暴食症、贪食症）的患者中更为常见。最常见的症状是“持续渴望或多次尝试戒除但未成功”。食物成瘾症状数量与奖励系统功能障碍之间已被确认存在正相关。
耶鲁食物成瘾量表是一种心理测量学上有效的、客观且标准化的工具，不仅在成瘾研究中有用，而且有助于临床实践中的诊断确立。
