Cobbs Lucy, Hasanaj Lisena, Amorapanth Prin, Rizzo John-Ross, Nolan Rachel, Serrano Liliana, Raynowska Jenelle, Rucker Janet C, Jordan Barry D, Galetta Steven L, Balcer Laura J
Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
J Neurol Sci. 2017 Jan 15;372:393-398. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.10.044. Epub 2016 Nov 4.
This study introduces a rapid picture naming test, the Mobile Universal Lexicon Evaluation System (MULES), as a novel, vision-based performance measure for concussion screening. The MULES is a visual-verbal task that includes 54 original photographs of fruits, objects and animals. We piloted MULES in a cohort of volunteers to determine feasibility, ranges of picture naming responses, and the relation of MULES time scores to those of King-Devick (K-D), a rapid number naming test.
A convenience sample (n=20, age 34±10) underwent MULES and K-D (spiral bound, iPad versions). Administration order was randomized; MULES tests were audio-recorded to provide objective data on temporal variability and ranges of picture naming responses.
Scores for the best of two trials for all tests were 40-50s; average times required to name each MULES picture (0.72±0.14s) was greater than those needed for each K-D number ((spiral: 0.33±0.05s, iPad: 0.36±0.06s, 120 numbers), p<0.0001, paired t-test). MULES scores showed the greatest degree of improvement between trials (9.4±4.8s, p<0.0001 for trials 1 vs. 2), compared to K-D (spiral 1.5±3.3s, iPad 1.8±3.4s). Shorter MULES times demonstrated moderate and significant correlations with shorter iPad but not spiral K-D times (r=0.49, p=0.03).
The MULES test is a rapid picture naming task that may engage more extensive neural systems than more commonly used rapid number naming tasks. Rapid picture naming may require additional processing devoted to color perception, object identification, and categorization. Both tests rely on initiation and sequencing of saccadic eye movements.
本研究引入一种快速图片命名测试——移动通用词汇评估系统（MULES），作为一种用于脑震荡筛查的新型基于视觉的性能指标。MULES是一项视觉语言任务，包括54张水果、物品和动物的原始照片。我们在一组志愿者中对MULES进行了试点，以确定其可行性、图片命名反应范围，以及MULES时间得分与快速数字命名测试King-Devick（K-D）时间得分的关系。
一个便利样本（n = 20，年龄34±10）接受了MULES和K-D测试（螺旋装订版、iPad版）。测试顺序随机；MULES测试进行了音频录制，以提供关于时间变异性和图片命名反应范围的客观数据。
所有测试两次试验中的最佳成绩为40 - 50秒；命名每张MULES图片所需的平均时间（0.72±0.14秒）大于命名每个K-D数字所需的时间（螺旋装订版：0.33±0.05秒，iPad版：0.36±0.06秒，共120个数字），p<0.0001，配对t检验。与K-D相比，MULES得分在两次试验之间的改善程度最大（9.4±4.8秒，试验1与试验2相比，p<0.0001）（K-D螺旋装订版为1.5±3.3秒，iPad版为1.8±3.4秒）。较短的MULES时间与较短的iPad版K-D时间呈中度且显著的相关性，但与螺旋装订版K-D时间无关（r = 0.49，p = 0.03）。
MULES测试是一项快速图片命名任务，可能比更常用的快速数字命名任务涉及更广泛的神经系统。快速图片命名可能需要额外的处理，用于颜色感知、物体识别和分类。两项测试都依赖于眼球扫视运动的启动和排序。
