Yao Pamela J, Petralia Ronald S, Mattson Mark P
Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Advanced Imaging Core, NIDCD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Trends Neurosci. 2016 Dec;39(12):840-850. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.10.001. Epub 2016 Nov 16.
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a secreted protein that controls the patterning of neural progenitor cells, and their neuronal and glial progeny, during development. Emerging findings suggest that Shh also has important roles in the formation and plasticity of neuronal circuits in the hippocampus, a brain region of fundamental importance in learning and memory. Shh mediates activity-dependent and injury-induced hippocampal neurogenesis. Activation of Shh receptors in the dendrites of hippocampal neurons engages a trans-neuronal signaling pathway that accelerates axon outgrowth and enhances glutamate release from presynaptic terminals. Impaired Shh signaling may contribute to the pathogenesis of several developmental and adult-onset neurological disorders that affect the hippocampus, suggesting a potential for therapeutic interventions that target Shh pathways.
音猬因子（Shh）是一种分泌蛋白，在发育过程中控制神经祖细胞及其神经元和神经胶质后代的模式形成。新出现的研究结果表明，Shh在海马体（在学习和记忆中至关重要的脑区）的神经元回路形成和可塑性方面也发挥着重要作用。Shh介导活动依赖性和损伤诱导的海马体神经发生。海马体神经元树突中Shh受体的激活参与了一条跨神经元信号通路，该通路可加速轴突生长并增强突触前末端的谷氨酸释放。Shh信号传导受损可能导致几种影响海马体的发育性和成人期神经疾病的发病机制，这表明针对Shh通路的治疗干预具有潜力。
