McRae-Clark Aimee L, Cason Angie M, Kohtz Amy S, Moran Santa-Maria Megan, Aston-Jones Gary, Brady Kathleen T
Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
J Neurosci Res. 2017 Jan 2;95(1-2):320-327. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23860.
Responses to stress may be important in understanding gender differences in substance use disorders and may also be a target for development of treatment interventions. A growing body of both preclinical and clinical research supports important underlying gender differences in the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and noradrenergic systems, which may contribute to drug use. Preclinical models have demonstrated increased sensitivity of females to CRF and noradrenergic-induced drug reinstatement compared with males, and, consistent with these findings, human laboratory studies have demonstrated greater sensitivity to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and noradrenergic stimulation in cocaine-dependent women compared with men. Furthermore, neuroimaging studies have demonstrated increased neural response to stressful stimuli in cocaine-dependent women compared with men as well as showing significant sex differences in the sensitivity of brain regions responsible for regulating the response to CRH. Development of interventions targeting the noradrenergic system and stress response in drug-dependent individuals could have important clinical implications for both women and men. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
应激反应在理解物质使用障碍中的性别差异方面可能很重要，也可能是治疗干预措施开发的一个目标。越来越多的临床前和临床研究支持促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子（CRF）和去甲肾上腺素能系统中存在重要的潜在性别差异，这可能与药物使用有关。临床前模型表明，与雄性相比，雌性对CRF和去甲肾上腺素能诱导的药物复吸更敏感，并且与这些发现一致，人体实验室研究表明，与男性相比，可卡因依赖女性对促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）和去甲肾上腺素能刺激更敏感。此外，神经影像学研究表明，与男性相比，可卡因依赖女性对压力刺激的神经反应增强，并且在负责调节对CRH反应的脑区敏感性方面也存在显著的性别差异。针对药物依赖个体的去甲肾上腺素能系统和应激反应开发干预措施可能对男性和女性都具有重要的临床意义。© 2016威利期刊公司
