Hausmann Markus
Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom.
J Neurosci Res. 2017 Jan 2;95(1-2):40-49. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23857.
Biological sex and sex hormones are known to affect functional cerebral asymmetries (FCAs). Men are generally more lateralized than women. The effect size of this sex difference is small but robust. Some of the inconsistencies in the literature may be explained by sex-related hormonal differences. Most studies focusing on neuromodulatory properties of sex hormones on FCAs have investigated women during the menstrual cycle. Although contradictions exist, these studies have typically shown that levels of estradiol and/or progesterone correlate with the degree of FCAs, suggesting that sex differences in FCAs partially depend on hormonal state and day of testing. The results indicate that FCAs are not fixed but are hormone dependent, and as such they can dynamically change within relatively short periods throughout life. Many issues raised in this Mini-Review refer not only to FCAs but also to other aspects of functional brain organization, such as functional connectivity within and between the cerebral hemispheres. Our understanding of sex differences in brain and behavior as well as their clinical relevance will improve significantly if more studies routinely take sex and sex hormones into account. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
已知生物性别和性激素会影响功能性脑不对称（FCA）。男性通常比女性的脑功能定位更明显。这种性别差异的效应量较小但很显著。文献中的一些不一致之处可能可以通过与性别相关的激素差异来解释。大多数关注性激素对FCA神经调节特性的研究都在月经周期对女性进行了调查。尽管存在矛盾之处，但这些研究通常表明雌二醇和/或孕酮水平与FCA程度相关，这表明FCA中的性别差异部分取决于激素状态和测试日期。结果表明，FCA不是固定不变的，而是依赖激素的，因此它们可以在一生中相对较短的时间内动态变化。本综述中提出的许多问题不仅涉及FCA，还涉及功能性脑组织结构的其他方面，例如大脑半球内部和之间的功能连接。如果更多研究常规考虑性别和性激素因素，我们对大脑和行为中的性别差异及其临床相关性的理解将得到显著改善。© 2016威利期刊公司
