Kim ChungYun, Mazan Jennifer L, Quiñones-Boex Ana C
J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2017 Mar-Apr;57(2):201-205.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2016.10.008. Epub 2016 Nov 19.
To determine pharmacists' attitudes and behaviors on medication errors and their disclosure and to compare community and hospital pharmacists on such views.
An online questionnaire was developed from previous studies on physicians' disclosure of errors. Questionnaire items included demographics, environment, personal experiences, and attitudes on medication errors and the disclosure process. An invitation to participate along with the link to the questionnaire was electronically distributed to members of two Illinois pharmacy associations. A follow-up reminder was sent 4 weeks after the original message. Data were collected for 3 months, and statistical analyses were performed with the use of IBM SPSS version 22.0.
The overall response rate was 23.3% (n = 422). The average employed respondent was a 51-year-old white woman with a BS Pharmacy degree working in a hospital pharmacy as a clinical staff member. Regardless of practice settings, pharmacist respondents agreed that medication errors were inevitable and that a disclosure process is necessary. Respondents from community and hospital settings were further analyzed to assess any differences. Community pharmacist respondents were more likely to agree that medication errors were inevitable and that pharmacists should address the patient's emotions when disclosing an error. Community pharmacist respondents were also more likely to agree that the health care professional most closely involved with the error should disclose the error to the patient and thought that it was the pharmacists' responsibility to disclose the error. Hospital pharmacist respondents were more likely to agree that it was important to include all details in a disclosure process and more likely to disagree on putting a "positive spin" on the event.
Regardless of practice setting, responding pharmacists generally agreed that errors should be disclosed to patients. There were, however, significant differences in their attitudes and behaviors depending on their particular practice setting.
确定药剂师对用药差错及其披露的态度和行为，并比较社区药剂师和医院药剂师在这些观点上的差异。
根据之前关于医生差错披露的研究设计了一份在线问卷。问卷项目包括人口统计学、工作环境、个人经历以及对用药差错和披露过程的态度。一份包含问卷链接的参与邀请被电子分发给伊利诺伊州两个药学协会的成员。在原始信息发出4周后发送了跟进提醒。数据收集持续3个月，并使用IBM SPSS 22.0版进行统计分析。
总体回复率为23.3%（n = 422）。回复问卷的在职人员平均为一名51岁的白人女性，拥有药学学士学位，在医院药房担任临床工作人员。无论工作环境如何，参与调查的药剂师都认为用药差错不可避免，且有必要进行披露。对来自社区和医院环境的回复者进行了进一步分析，以评估是否存在差异。社区药剂师回复者更倾向于认同用药差错不可避免，且药剂师在披露差错时应关注患者的情绪。社区药剂师回复者也更倾向于认同与差错关系最密切的医疗保健专业人员应向患者披露差错，并认为披露差错是药剂师的责任。医院药剂师回复者更倾向于认同在披露过程中包含所有细节很重要，且更倾向于不同意对事件进行“正面解读”。
无论工作环境如何，回复问卷的药剂师普遍认为应向患者披露差错。然而，根据他们具体的工作环境，他们的态度和行为存在显著差异。
