Hansen O N, Trillingsgaard A, Beese I, Lyngbye T, Grandjean P
Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Aarhus, Denmark.
Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1989 May-Jun;11(3):205-13. doi: 10.1016/0892-0362(89)90060-3.
The study was carried out in the municipality of Aarhus, a city of 250,000 inhabitants. The study was designed as a cross-sectional cohort study of school children in first grade in 1982-83. A total of 2,412 children were contacted and asked to submit their shed teeth to the teacher, and 1,291 children delivered at least one usable tooth (response rate, 54 percent). The lead level in circumpulpal dentin showed an average of 10.7 micrograms/g. Eight percent of the children (N = 110) had a lead level above 18.7 micrograms/g and were selected as a "high" lead exposure group. This group was matched by sex and socio-economic status of the parents with control children with a dentin lead level below 5 micrograms/g. Following a detailed interview with the parents, children were excluded from the study if medical risk factors were present. A clinical psychologist, blind to the lead data, administered selected psychometric tests to 162 of the children selected. The high-lead children scored lower on the WISC when compared to low-lead children, especially on the Verbal IQ (p less than 0.001) and Full Scale IQ (p less than 0.01). No significant difference was seen between the high- and low-exposure groups on the Performance IQ and on several experimental tests. Impaired function associated with lead exposure was also found on the Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test (p less than 0.001) and on a behavioral rating scale (p less than 0.01). These results remained statistically significant even after controlling for socio-economic status and other confounding variables.
该研究在拥有25万居民的奥胡斯市进行。研究设计为对1982 - 1983年一年级学童的横断面队列研究。共联系了2412名儿童，要求他们将脱落的牙齿交给老师，1291名儿童至少交出了一颗可用牙齿（回复率为54%）。牙髓周围牙本质中的铅含量平均为10.7微克/克。8%的儿童（N = 110）铅含量高于18.7微克/克，被选为“高”铅暴露组。该组在性别和父母社会经济地位方面与牙本质铅含量低于5微克/克的对照儿童进行匹配。在对父母进行详细访谈后，如果存在医学风险因素，儿童将被排除在研究之外。一位对铅数据不知情的临床心理学家对所选的162名儿童进行了特定的心理测量测试。与低铅儿童相比，高铅儿童在韦氏儿童智力量表上得分较低，尤其是在言语智商（p < 0.001）和全量表智商（p < 0.01）方面。在操作智商和几项实验测试中，高暴露组和低暴露组之间未发现显著差异。在本德尔视觉运动完形测验（p < 0.001）和行为评定量表（p < 0.01）上也发现了与铅暴露相关的功能受损。即使在控制了社会经济地位和其他混杂变量后，这些结果在统计学上仍然显著。
