Peyre Hugo, Charkaluk Marie-Laure, Forhan Anne, Heude Barbara, Ramus Franck
Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique (ENS, EHESS, CNRS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France.
INSERM UMR 1153, Obstretrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (Epopé), Center for Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Risks in Pregnancy, Paris Descartes University, Hôpital Tenon, 4 Rue de la Chine, F-75020 Paris, France; UCLille, F-59000 Lille, France; Service de Néonatologie, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique Lillois/Faculté de Médecine et Maïeutique, F-59000 Lille, France.
Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2017 Mar;21(2):272-279. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.11.001. Epub 2016 Nov 15.
The present study aims: (i) to determine how well developmental milestones at 4, 8, 12 and 24 months may predict IQ at 5-6 years old, (ii) to identify cognitive domains during the first two years that best predict later IQ and (iii) to determine whether children with IQ in the normal range at 5-6 years old may differ from disabled (IQ < 70) and gifted children (IQ > 130) with regard to their early cognitive development.
The main developmental milestones were collected through self-administered questionnaires rated by parents at 4, 8, 12 and 24 months and through parental questionnaires administered by a trained interviewer and questionnaires completed following a medical examination at 12 months. These questionnaires were derived from the Brunet-Lézine Psychomotor Development Scale and they addressed several cognitive domains (gross and fine motor skills, language and socialization).
(i) Developmental milestones predict a substantial part of the later IQ variance from 24 months (R ∼ 20%). (ii) Early language skills more strongly predict later IQ than the other cognitive domains. (iii) Several cognitive domains, but particularly language skills, predict disabled children at 5-6 years old (from the age of 8 months) and gifted children (from the age of 12 months).
The present study provides valuable information for early developmental assessment and could contribute to a better understanding of intellectual development.
本研究旨在：（i）确定4个月、8个月、12个月和24个月时的发育里程碑对5至6岁时智商的预测程度；（ii）识别出生后头两年中对后期智商预测效果最佳的认知领域；（iii）确定5至6岁时智商处于正常范围的儿童在早期认知发展方面是否与残疾儿童（智商<70）和 gifted 儿童（智商>130）存在差异。
主要发育里程碑通过家长在4个月、8个月、12个月和24个月时自行填写的问卷收集，以及由经过培训的访谈员进行的家长问卷调查和在12个月医学检查后填写的问卷收集。这些问卷源自布鲁内-勒津心理运动发育量表，涉及多个认知领域（大肌肉和精细运动技能、语言和社交能力）。
（i）发育里程碑可预测24个月后后期智商差异的很大一部分（R约为20%）。（ii）早期语言技能比其他认知领域更能强烈预测后期智商。（iii）几个认知领域，但特别是语言技能，可预测5至6岁的残疾儿童（从8个月起）和 gifted 儿童（从12个月起）。
本研究为早期发育评估提供了有价值的信息，并有助于更好地理解智力发展。
