School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
J Environ Manage. 2017 Feb 1;187:137-145. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.11.021. Epub 2016 Nov 24.
The present study focused on the performance of the FDFO process to achieve simultaneous water reuse from wastewater and production of nutrient solution for hydroponic application. Bio-methane potential (BMP) measurements were firstly carried out to determine the effect of osmotic concentration of wastewater achieved in the FDFO process on the anaerobic activity. Results showed that 95% water recovery from the FDFO process is the optimum value for further AnMBR treatment. Nine different fertilizers were then tested based on their FO performance (i.e. water flux, water recovery and reverse salt flux) and final nutrient concentration. From this initial screening, ammonium phosphate monobasic (MAP), ammonium sulfate (SOA) and mono-potassium phosphate were selected for long term experiments to investigate the maximum water recovery achievable. After the experiments, hydraulic membrane cleaning was performed to assess the water flux recovery. SOA showed the highest water recovery rate, up to 76% while KHPO showed the highest water flux recovery, up to 75% and finally MAP showed the lowest final nutrient concentration. However, substantial dilution was still necessary to comply with the standards for fertigation even if the recovery rate was increased.
本研究侧重于 FDFO 工艺的性能，以实现从废水同时回收水并生产用于水培应用的营养液。首先进行生物甲烷潜力 (BMP) 测量，以确定 FDFO 过程中达到的废水渗透压对厌氧活性的影响。结果表明，FDFO 工艺 95%的水回收率是进一步进行 AnMBR 处理的最佳值。然后根据 FO 性能（即水通量、水回收率和反向盐通量）和最终养分浓度测试了九种不同的肥料。通过初步筛选，选择磷酸一铵（MAP）、硫酸铵（SOA）和磷酸氢二钾进行长期实验，以研究可实现的最大水回收率。实验结束后，进行水力膜清洗以评估水通量恢复。SOA 表现出最高的水回收率，高达 76%，而 KHPO 表现出最高的水通量回收率，高达 75%，最终 MAP 表现出最低的最终养分浓度。然而，即使回收率增加，仍需要大量稀释才能符合灌溉施肥标准。
