Goodman Kari Roesch, Evenhuis Neal, Bartošová-Sojková Pavla, O'Grady Patrick Michael
Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California , Berkeley , CA , United States.
Department of Natural Sciences, Bernice P. Bishop Museum , Honolulu , HI , United States.
PeerJ. 2016 Nov 17;4:e2704. doi: 10.7717/peerj.2704. eCollection 2016.
The family Dolichopodidae forms two of the four largest evolutionary radiations in the Hawaiian Islands across all flies: (183 spp) and the complex (66 spp). They also include a small radiation of (6 spp). A handful of other dolichopodid species are native to the islands in singleton lineages or small radiations. This study provides a phylogenetic perspective on the colonization history of the dolichopodid fauna in the islands. We generated a multi-gene data set including representatives from 11 of the 14 endemic Hawaiian dolichopodid genera to examine the history of colonization to the islands, and analyzed it using Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic methods. We used a subset of the data that included and the eight genera comprising the complex to estimate the first phylogenetic hypothesis for these endemic groups, then used Beast to estimate their age of arrival to the archipelago. The complex and are clearly the result of independent colonizations. The results strongly support the complex as a monophyletic group, and also supports the monophyly of 4 of the 8 described genera within the complex ( and ). Members of the family Dolichopodidae have been dispersing over vast distances to colonize the Hawaiian Archipelago for millions of years, leading to multiple independent evolutionary diversification events. The complex arrived in the Hawaiian Archipelago 11.8 Ma, well before the arrival of (4.5 Ma), and the even more recent (1.8 Ma). Data presented here demonstrate that the Hawaiian Dolichopodidae both disperse and diversify easily, a rare combination that lays the groundwork for field studies on the reproductive isolating mechanisms and ecological partitioning of this group.
（183种）和复合体（66种）。它们还包括一小支辐射类群（6种）。还有少数其他长足虻物种以单系或小辐射类群的形式原产于这些岛屿。本研究提供了关于该群岛长足虻动物群定殖历史的系统发育观点。我们生成了一个多基因数据集，包括14个夏威夷特有长足虻属中的11个属的代表，以研究该群岛的定殖历史，并使用贝叶斯和最大似然系统发育方法对其进行分析。我们使用了一个数据子集，其中包括和构成复合体的八个属，以估计这些特有类群的首个系统发育假说，然后使用贝叶斯进化分析采样树（BEAST）来估计它们到达该群岛的时间。复合体和显然是独立定殖的结果。结果有力地支持复合体为一个单系类群，也支持复合体中8个已描述属中的4个属（和）的单系性。数百万年来，长足虻科成员一直在远距离扩散以定殖夏威夷群岛，导致了多次独立的进化多样化事件。复合体在1180万年前到达夏威夷群岛，远早于（450万年前），甚至更晚的（180万年前）。此处呈现的数据表明，夏威夷长足虻既易于扩散又易于多样化，这种罕见的组合为该类群的生殖隔离机制和生态分区的实地研究奠定了基础。
