Identification of laryngeal cancer prognostic biomarkers using an inflammatory gene-related, competitive endogenous RNA network.

Competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) act as molecular sponges for microRNAs (miRNAs), and are associated with tumorigenesis in various cancers, including laryngeal cancer (LC). In this work, we constructed an LC-specific inflammatory gene-related ceRNA network (IceNet). In IceNet, ceRNAs targeting inflammation-related genes tended to be network hubs. Additionally, the betweenness centralities of these hub ceRNAs were higher than those of the inflammation-related genes themselves, indicating that the hub ceRNAs in this study played critical roles in communication between IceNet molecules. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses indicated that IceNet molecules are associated with multiple cancer-related functions and signaling pathways. Using cFinder software and survival analyses, we identified a potential prognostic module within IceNet that contains 18 mRNAs and a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and we effectively stratified patients into high- and low-risk subgroups with different survival outcomes, independent of patient age and tumor grade. This 18-mRNA and one-lncRNA module provides a novel mechanism for potentially improving LC patient prognostic predictions. Applying the module clinically to differentiate high- and low-risk patients could inform therapeutic decision making and ultimately improve patient outcomes. In addition, these results demonstrate the potential importance of IceNet hub ceRNAs in LC development and progression.