Fonseca Maria João, Durão Catarina, Lopes Carla, Santos Ana Cristina
EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal.
EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Nutrition. 2017 Jan;33:58-64. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.08.008. Epub 2016 Sep 8.
Unhealthy childhood dietary habits track through life and are independent and modifiable risk factors for disease. Therefore, it is essential to understand the factors involved. We aimed to evaluate the associations of birthweight (BW) and newborn weight change (NWC) during the first 96 h of life and childhood longitudinal weight trajectories with dietary intake at age 4.
As part of the Generation XXI birth cohort (G21), children were recruited in 2005 and 2006 at all public units providing obstetrical and neonatal care in Porto, Portugal. Information was collected by face-to-face interview and abstracted from clinical records. At age 4, weight measurements recorded from birth to current age were abstracted and weight trajectories estimated. Food frequency questionnaires were applied, and three dietary patterns (DPs) were identified: "Energy-dense food (EDF)+Dairy," "Lower in Healthy Food," and "Healthier." Logistic regression models were used to compute the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) (OR [95% CI]) in a sample of 775 children.
Children with higher BW were less frequently in the "EDF+Dairy" DP (0.94 [0.89-0.98] per 100 g increase in BW). Children with higher NWC had lower odds of eating fruit ≥3/d (0.93 [0.87-0.99] per 1% increase in NWC). Children with higher weight during childhood had higher odds of belonging to the "EDF+Dairy" DP (1.90 [1.04-3.47]) and lower odds of eating vegetable soup ≥2/d (0.56 [0.34-0.91]). Children showing catch-up grow in the first year of life had higher odds of eating dairy products ≥3/d (3.76 [1.31-10.80]).
The way that children grow during childhood played a major role on dietary intake at age 4.
不健康的儿童饮食习惯会贯穿一生，并且是疾病独立且可改变的风险因素。因此，了解其中涉及的因素至关重要。我们旨在评估出生体重（BW）、出生后96小时内新生儿体重变化（NWC）以及儿童期纵向体重轨迹与4岁时饮食摄入量之间的关联。
作为二十一世纪出生队列研究（G21）的一部分，于2005年和2006年在葡萄牙波尔图所有提供产科和新生儿护理的公共单位招募儿童。通过面对面访谈收集信息，并从临床记录中提取。在4岁时，提取从出生到当前年龄记录的体重测量值并估计体重轨迹。应用食物频率问卷，并确定了三种饮食模式（DPs）：“能量密集型食物（EDF）+乳制品”、“健康食物摄入量较低”和“更健康”。在775名儿童的样本中，使用逻辑回归模型计算比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CIs）（OR [95% CI]）。
出生体重较高的儿童较少处于“EDF+乳制品”饮食模式（BW每增加100克，OR为0.94 [0.89 - 0.98]）。新生儿体重变化较高的儿童每天吃水果≥3次的几率较低（NWC每增加1%，OR为0.93 [0.87 - 0.99]）。儿童期体重较高的儿童属于“EDF+乳制品”饮食模式的几率较高（OR为1.90 [1.04 - 3.47]），而每天喝蔬菜汤≥2次的几率较低（OR为0.56 [0.34 - 0.91]）。在生命第一年出现追赶生长的儿童每天摄入乳制品≥3次的几率较高（OR为3.76 [1.31 - 10.80]）。
儿童在儿童期的生长方式对4岁时的饮食摄入量起主要作用。
