Laboratory of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland.
Laboratory of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Feb 1;579:1289-1297. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.122. Epub 2016 Nov 29.
In this study, the performance of a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) to treat real municipal wastewater was assessed at low temperatures (7 to 20°C) in Nordic regions. First, the effect of low temperatures on membrane fouling was evaluated by monitoring trans-membrane pressure. A significant membrane fouling was observed when the sludge temperature inside the MBR unit was below 10°C with a 75% permeability drop, thus indicating high deterioration of the membrane performance at low temperatures. Moreover, increasing values of sludge volume index (SVI) during low temperatures showed high deterioration of sludge settleability. As for the pollution removal, MBR achieved high performances primarily for pathogens and emerging micropollutants. The average log reductions of 1.82, 3.02, and 1.94 log units were achieved for norovirus GI, norovirus GII, and adenoviruses, respectively. Among the four trace organic compounds (TrOCs), the average removal efficiencies of bisoprolol, diclofenac and bisphenol A were 65%, 38%, and >97%, respectively. However, carbamazepine was not efficiently removed (-89% to 28%). Regarding trace metals, an average removal of >80% was achieved for Cd, Pb, and V. For the rest of the metals, the removal capacities were between 30 and 60%.
本研究评估了在北欧地区低温（7 至 20°C）条件下，采用中试规模膜生物反应器（MBR）处理实际城市污水的性能。首先，通过监测跨膜压力评估了低温对膜污染的影响。当 MBR 单元内的污泥温度低于 10°C 时，膜的透过率下降了 75%，表明膜性能在低温下严重恶化，观察到明显的膜污染。此外，低温下污泥体积指数（SVI）的增加表明污泥沉降性能严重恶化。至于污染物去除，MBR 主要对病原体和新兴的微量污染物表现出高去除率。诺如病毒 GI、诺如病毒 GII 和腺病毒的平均对数减少分别为 1.82、3.02 和 1.94 个对数单位。在四种痕量有机化合物（TrOCs）中，双丙洛尔、二氯芬酸和双酚 A 的平均去除效率分别为 65%、38%和>97%。然而，卡马西平的去除效率不高（-89%至 28%）。关于痕量金属，Cd、Pb 和 V 的平均去除率>80%。对于其余金属，去除能力在 30%至 60%之间。
