Johnson Barbara W, Russell Brandy J, Goodman Christin H
Diagnostic and Reference Laboratory, Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado.
J Infect Dis. 2016 Dec 15;214(suppl 5):S471-S474. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiw274.
Detection of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) or viral RNA is the primary laboratory test used to diagnose infection in serum collected <6 days after onset of illness. Two real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) kits are available commercially, but validity data are limited. There are 2 commercial sources of inactivated positive-control CHIKV RNA to be used with purchased primers. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides viral RNA-positive controls and primer and probe nucleotide sequences for real-time RT-PCR testing. Detection of CHIKV-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody becomes a sensitive test for samples collected approximately >5 days of illness. Commercially available CHIKV IgM-detection assays include lateral flow rapid tests, IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (MAC-ELISAs), and indirect immunofluorescence tests. Nine commercial CHIKV IgM detection assays were evaluated at 3 reference laboratories to provide guidance to public health diagnostic laboratories on their performance parameters. Sensitivity of the rapid tests and 3 MAC-ELISAs was <50%, and thus these assays are not recommended. Three of the MAC-ELISA kits and 1 indirect immunofluorescence kit had comparable performance to the reference assays. In summary, commercial assays with performance comparable to reference assays are available for molecular and serological diagnosis of CHIKV infections.
检测基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）或病毒RNA是用于诊断发病后<6天采集的血清中感染情况的主要实验室检测方法。有两种实时逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）试剂盒可供商业购买，但有效性数据有限。有两种商业来源的灭活阳性对照CHIKV RNA可与购买的引物一起使用。疾病控制和预防中心提供病毒RNA阳性对照以及用于实时RT-PCR检测的引物和探针核苷酸序列。检测CHIKV特异性免疫球蛋白M（IgM）抗体对于发病约>5天采集的样本而言成为一项敏感检测。市售的CHIKV IgM检测方法包括侧向流动快速检测、IgM抗体捕获酶联免疫吸附测定（MAC-ELISA）和间接免疫荧光检测。3家参考实验室对9种市售CHIKV IgM检测方法进行了评估，以便为公共卫生诊断实验室提供有关其性能参数的指导。快速检测和3种MAC-ELISA的灵敏度<50%，因此不推荐使用这些检测方法。3种MAC-ELISA试剂盒和1种间接免疫荧光试剂盒的性能与参考检测方法相当。总之，有性能与参考检测方法相当的商业检测方法可用于CHIKV感染的分子和血清学诊断。
