Mather J A, Neufeld R W, Merskey H, Russell N C
Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.
Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci. 1989;239(1):23-6. doi: 10.1007/BF01739739.
This paper attempts to distinguish between inattention and inefficiency as the cause of the eye movement problems of schizophrenic subjects. It focuses on their release of fast saccadic eye movements in four different situations: interrupting smooth tracking, as double-jumps in refixation, and as inadvertent departures from steady fixation or too-early prediction moves. If an attention deficit causes saccades during tracking, they should be reduced only for schizophrenic subjects in the dark, when there is no contrasting background. Instead the reduction was present for all groups. If double-jumps in saccadic refixations were caused by inattentional instability, they should increase in schizophrenic subjects when the target is a temporary flash of light. Instead, they were reduced in all groups to almost none, suggesting a perceptual processing cause for the excess double jumps. If a global attentional problem of schizophrenia caused saccade release, saccade number should be correlated across the four situations. Instead, there were significant correlations only between departures and predictions in paranoid schizophrenic subjects (r = 0.728) and between predictions and looking in nonparanoid schizophrenic subjects (r = -0.855). This lack of over-all correlations suggests that a common inattentional problem does not produce these eye movement deficiencies. Instead, the perceptual influence on tracking and looking suggests that processing inefficiency is responsible for at least part of the deficit.
本文试图区分注意力不集中和效率低下，以此作为精神分裂症患者眼球运动问题的成因。研究聚焦于他们在四种不同情况下快速扫视性眼球运动的释放：中断平稳跟踪、在重新注视时出现双跳，以及不经意地偏离稳定注视或过早的预测性移动。如果注意力缺陷导致跟踪过程中的扫视，那么只有在黑暗中、没有对比背景时，精神分裂症患者的扫视才应减少。然而，所有组别的扫视都减少了。如果扫视性重新注视中的双跳是由注意力不集中的不稳定性引起的，那么当目标是短暂闪光时，精神分裂症患者的双跳应该增加。相反，所有组别的双跳都减少到几乎没有，这表明多余双跳存在感知处理方面的原因。如果精神分裂症的整体注意力问题导致扫视释放，那么扫视次数在这四种情况下应该具有相关性。相反，只有偏执型精神分裂症患者的偏离和预测之间存在显著相关性（r = 0.728），非偏执型精神分裂症患者的预测和注视之间存在显著相关性（r = -0.855）。这种整体相关性的缺乏表明，常见的注意力不集中问题并不会导致这些眼球运动缺陷。相反，对跟踪和注视的感知影响表明，处理效率低下至少是部分缺陷的原因。
