Rutgers University, 195 University Ave, Newark, NJ 07102, United States.
Rutgers University, 195 University Ave, Newark, NJ 07102, United States.
Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2016 Dec;18:69-76. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2016.10.003. Epub 2016 Oct 19.
Fossils represent stem and crown lineages, and their inclusion in phylogenetic reconstruction influences branch lengths, topology, and divergence time estimation. In addition, paleontological data may inform trends in morphological evolution as well as biogeographic history. Here we review the incorporation of fossils in studies of insect evolution, from morphological analyses to combined 'total evidence' node dating analyses. We discuss challenges associated with fossil based phylogenetics, and suggest best practices for use in tree reconstruction.
化石代表了谱系的主干和冠群，它们的纳入会影响分支长度、拓扑结构和分歧时间估计。此外，古生物学数据可以提供形态进化趋势以及生物地理历史的信息。在这里，我们回顾了化石在昆虫进化研究中的应用，从形态分析到综合的“总证据”节点定年分析。我们讨论了基于化石的系统发育学所面临的挑战，并为树重建提出了最佳实践建议。
