Huang Vivian, Beshai Shadi, Yu Mabel
Department of Psychology, Ryerson University , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.
Department of Psychology, University of Regina , Regina , Saskatchewan , Canada.
PeerJ. 2016 Dec 7;4:e2783. doi: 10.7717/peerj.2783. eCollection 2016.
Research in depression has revealed differences in the way depressed individuals across cultures report their symptoms. This literature also points to possible differences in symptom reporting patterns between men and women. Using data from a larger dataset (Beshai et al. 2016), the current study examined whether non-depressed and depressed Egyptian and Canadian men and women differed in their self-report of the various domains of the Beck Depression Inventory -II (BDI-II).
We recruited a total of 131 depressed and non-depressed participants from both Egypt ( = 29 depressed; = 29 non-depressed) and Canada ( = 35 depressed; = 38 non-depressed). Depression status was ascertained using a structured interview. All participants were asked to complete the BDI-II along with other self-report measures of depression. BDI-II items were divided into two subscales in accordance with Dozois, Dobson & Ahnberg (1998) factor analysis: cognitive-affective and somatic-vegetative subscales.
We found a significant three-way interaction effect on the cognitive-affective ((1,121) = 9.51, = .003) and main effect of depression status on somatic-vegetative subscales ((1,121) = 42.80, < .001). Post hoc analyses revealed that depressed Egyptian men reported lower scores on the cognitive-affective subscale of the BDI-II compared to their depressed Canadian male counterparts.
These results suggest that males across cultures may differentially report cognitive symptoms of depression. These results also suggest that clinicians and clinical scientists need to further examine the interaction effect of culture and gender when investigating self-reported symptoms of depression.
抑郁症研究揭示了不同文化背景下的抑郁症患者报告症状的方式存在差异。该文献还指出了男性和女性在症状报告模式上可能存在的差异。本研究利用一个更大数据集（贝沙伊等人，2016年）的数据，考察了未患抑郁症和患有抑郁症的埃及及加拿大男性和女性在贝克抑郁量表第二版（BDI-II）各领域的自我报告是否存在差异。
我们从埃及（29名抑郁症患者；29名非抑郁症患者）和加拿大（35名抑郁症患者；38名非抑郁症患者）共招募了131名抑郁症患者和非抑郁症患者。通过结构化访谈确定抑郁状态。所有参与者都被要求完成BDI-II以及其他抑郁症自我报告量表。根据多佐伊斯、多布森和安伯格（1998年）的因素分析，BDI-II项目被分为两个子量表：认知情感子量表和躯体植物神经子量表。
我们发现认知情感子量表存在显著的三因素交互效应（F(1,121)=9.51，p=.003），抑郁状态对躯体植物神经子量表有主效应（F(1,121)=42.80，p<.001）。事后分析显示，与患有抑郁症的加拿大男性相比，患有抑郁症的埃及男性在BDI-II认知情感子量表上的得分较低。
这些结果表明，不同文化背景下的男性在报告抑郁症的认知症状时可能存在差异。这些结果还表明，临床医生和临床科学家在研究抑郁症的自我报告症状时，需要进一步考察文化和性别的交互作用。
