School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Biobehavioral Center Health Disparities Research, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Center for Biobehavioral Center Health Disparities Research, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
J Natl Med Assoc. 2016 Winter;108(4):195-200. doi: 10.1016/j.jnma.2016.07.003. Epub 2016 Sep 3.
Compared with other racial/ethnic groups, African Americans have higher rates of chronic conditions and suffer a disproportionate burden of disability. We aimed to examine the effects of social support on physical functioning among older African Americans.
We analyzed a sample of 448 urban, community-dwelling, older African Americans (aged 48-98 years) from the Baltimore Study of Black Aging. Baseline physical functioning was collected between 2006 and 2008 (wave 1), and change in physical functioning was collected between 2009 and 2011 (wave 2), physical functioning was assessed by self-reported limitations in 7 activities of daily living-eating, dressing, grooming, walking, bathing, using the toilet, and transferring in and out of bed-using a binary variable to indicate whether the individual had difficulty performing each specific activity. Social support was measured by how frequently participants provided/received goods and services, financial assistance, transportation, companionship, advice, or encouragement (never [0], rarely [1], sometimes [2], frequently [3]). Negative binomial regression models were used to test the effects of social support given, received, and a ratio (support received/support given) on physical functioning for those who improved and those who declined in physical functioning.
Participants reported physical functioning at wave 1 (1.24, standard deviation [SD] = 1.98) and at wave 2 (0.34, SD = 0.83). Average social support given was 7.49 (SD = 3.26), and average social support received was 7.81 (SD = 3.17). Those who improved in physical function gave less social support and had lower social support ratios; social support received had no effect. Those who remained stable or declined in physical function gave more social support; neither social support received nor social ratio had an effect.
Social support given and social support received as well as the ratio should be considered when seeking to understand how physical functioning changes over time among older African Americans.
与其他种族/族裔群体相比，非裔美国人慢性病发病率较高，残疾负担不成比例。我们旨在研究社会支持对老年非裔美国人身体功能的影响。
我们分析了来自巴尔的摩非裔老龄化研究的 448 名城市社区居住的老年非裔美国人（年龄 48-98 岁）的样本。2006 年至 2008 年（第 1 波）收集了基线身体功能数据，2009 年至 2011 年（第 2 波）收集了身体功能变化数据，通过自我报告的 7 项日常生活活动受限来评估身体功能-进食、穿衣、梳妆、行走、洗澡、使用厕所和进出床-使用二项变量来表示个体是否难以执行每项特定活动。社会支持通过参与者提供/接受商品和服务、经济援助、交通、陪伴、建议或鼓励的频率来衡量（从不[0]、很少[1]、有时[2]、经常[3]）。使用负二项回归模型检验在身体功能改善和身体功能下降的个体中，给予、接受和（接受/给予）社会支持比率对身体功能的影响。
参与者报告了第 1 波（1.24，标准差[SD] = 1.98）和第 2 波（0.34，SD = 0.83）的身体功能。平均给予的社会支持为 7.49（SD = 3.26），平均接受的社会支持为 7.81（SD = 3.17）。身体功能改善的个体给予的社会支持较少，社会支持比率较低；接受的社会支持没有影响。身体功能保持稳定或下降的个体给予更多的社会支持；接受的社会支持和社会比率都没有影响。
在寻求理解老年非裔美国人身体功能随时间变化的原因时，应考虑给予的社会支持、接受的社会支持以及社会支持比率。
