Thalamic hemorrhage in a 4-year-old child induced by nephro-vascular hypertension.

A child affected by cardiomyopathy from the age of 12 months suddenly manifested right hemiparesis and dysarthria at the age of 48/12 years. Emergency brain CT showed a hemorrhage in progress in the left thalamic area. A severe form of hypertension was concomitant and resisted all pharmacological treatment. Retrograde transfemoral aortography pointed out an atrophy of the right renal artery. This finding, together with the high renin and aldosterone values, indicated a nephrogenic hypertension causing both the cardiomyopathy found at 12 months of age and the endocranial hemorrhage. Right nephrectomy led to normalization of blood pressure.