Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden.
Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden.
Cereb Cortex. 2017 Dec 1;27(12):5672-5682. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhw338.
Adult neurogenesis in human brain is known to occur in the hippocampus, the subventricular zone, and the striatum. Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) were reported in the cortex of epilepsy patients; however, their identity is not known. Since astrocytes were proposed as the source of neural progenitors in both healthy and diseased brain, we tested the hypothesis that NPCs in the epileptic cortex originate from reactive, alternatively, de-differentiated astrocytes that express glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST). We assessed the capacity to form neurospheres and the differentiation potential of cells dissociated from fresh cortical tissue from patients who underwent surgical treatment for pharmacologically intractable epilepsy. Neurospheres were generated from 57% of cases (8/14). Upon differentiation, the neurosphere cells gave rise to neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. Sorting of dissociated cells showed that only cells negative for GLAST formed neurospheres. In conclusion, we show that cells with neural stem cell properties are present in brain cortex of epilepsy patients, and that these cells are not GLAST-positive astrocytes.
成人神经发生在人类大脑中被认为发生在海马体、侧脑室下区和纹状体。有报道称癫痫患者的皮层中存在神经祖细胞（NPCs）；然而，其身份尚不清楚。由于星形胶质细胞被认为是健康和患病大脑中神经前体细胞的来源，我们检验了这样一个假说，即癫痫皮层中的 NPC 来源于反应性、替代的、去分化的星形胶质细胞，这些星形胶质细胞表达谷氨酸-天冬氨酸转运体（GLAST）。我们评估了从接受药物难治性癫痫手术治疗的患者新鲜皮层组织中分离的细胞形成神经球的能力和分化潜能。神经球由 57%的病例（8/14）产生。分化后，神经球细胞分化为神经元、少突胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞。对分离细胞的分选表明，只有 GLAST 阴性的细胞才能形成神经球。总之，我们表明癫痫患者的大脑皮层中存在具有神经干细胞特性的细胞，而这些细胞不是 GLAST 阳性的星形胶质细胞。
