Wright Rebecca J, Rakow Tim, Russo Riccardo
Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom.
King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, United Kingdom.
Biol Psychol. 2017 Feb;123:286-293. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.10.014. Epub 2016 Oct 29.
The Somatic Marker Hypothesis (SMH) posits that somatic states develop and guide advantageous decision making by "marking" disadvantageous options (i.e., arousal increases when poor options are considered). This assumption was tested using the standard Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) in which participants win/lose money by selecting among four decks of cards, and an alternative version, identical in both structure and payoffs, but with the aim changed to lose as much money as possible. This "lose" version of the IGT reverses which decks are advantageous/disadvantageous; and so reverses which decks should be marked by somatic responses - which we assessed via skin conductance (SC). Participants learned to pick advantageously in the original (Win) IGT and in the (new) Lose IGT. Using multilevel regression, some variability in anticipatory SC across blocks was found but no consistent effect of anticipatory SC on disadvantageous deck selections. Thus, while we successfully developed a new way to test the central claims of the SMH, we did not find consistent support for the SMH.
躯体标记假说（SMH）认为，躯体状态通过“标记”不利选项来发展并引导有利决策（即考虑到不良选项时唤醒增加）。本研究使用标准爱荷华赌博任务（IGT）对这一假设进行了测试，在该任务中，参与者通过从四副牌中选择来赢钱/输钱；还使用了一个替代版本，其结构和收益相同，但目标改为尽可能多地输钱。IGT的这个“输钱”版本颠倒了哪些牌组是有利/不利的；因此也颠倒了哪些牌组应该被躯体反应标记——我们通过皮肤电传导（SC）对此进行了评估。参与者学会了在原始的（赢钱）IGT和（新的）输钱IGT中做出有利选择。使用多层回归分析，发现各块之间预期SC存在一些变异性，但预期SC对不利牌组选择没有一致影响。因此，虽然我们成功开发了一种新方法来测试SMH的核心主张，但我们并未找到对SMH的一致支持。
