Østerlund Anna H, Lander Flemming, Nielsen Kent, Kines Pete, Möller Jette, Lauritsen Jens
Accident Analysis Group (UAG), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 50, DK- 5000 Odense, Denmark.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2017 May 1;43(3):217-225. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3615. Epub 2016 Dec 16.
Objectives The objectives of this study were to (i) identify transient risk factors of occupational injuries and (ii) determine if the risk varies with age, injury severity, job task, and industry risk level. Method A case-crossover design was used to examine the effect of seven specific transient risk factors (time pressure, disagreement with someone, feeling sick, being distracted by someone, non-routine task, altered surroundings, and broken machinery and materials) for occupational injuries. In the study, 1693 patients with occupational injuries were recruited from a total of 4002 occupational injuries seen in 2013 at two emergency departments in Denmark. Effect estimates were calculated using the matched-pair interval approach. Results Increased risk for an occupational injury was found for time pressure [odds ratio (OR) 1.6, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.3-2.0], feeling sick (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.9-3.9), being distracted by someone (OR 3.1, 95% CI 2.3-4.1), non-routine task (OR 8.2, 95% CI 5.3-12.5), altered surroundings (OR 20.9, 95% CI 12.2-35.8), and broken machinery or materials (OR 20.6, 95% CI 13.5-31.7). The risk of occupational injury did not vary substantially in relation to sex, age, job task, industry risk level, or injury severity. Conclusion Use of a case-crossover design identified several worker-related transient risk factors (time pressure, feeling sick, being distracted by someone) that led to significantly increased risks for occupational injuries. In particular, equipment (broken machinery or materials) and work-practice-related factors (non-routine task and altered surroundings) increased the risk of an occupational injury. Elaboration of results in relation to hazard period and information bias is warranted.
目的 本研究的目的是：（i）识别职业伤害的短暂风险因素；（ii）确定风险是否随年龄、伤害严重程度、工作任务和行业风险水平而变化。方法 采用病例交叉设计，研究七个特定短暂风险因素（时间压力、与人意见不合、感觉不适、被他人分心、非常规任务、环境改变、机器和材料损坏）对职业伤害的影响。在该研究中，从丹麦两个急诊科2013年所见的4002例职业伤害中招募了1693例患者。使用配对区间法计算效应估计值。结果 发现时间压力（比值比（OR）1.6，95%置信区间（95%CI）1.3 - 2.0）、感觉不适（OR 2.7，95%CI 1.9 - 3.9）、被他人分心（OR 3.1，95%CI 2.3 - 4.1）、非常规任务（OR 8.2，95%CI 5.3 - 12.5）、环境改变（OR 20.9，95%CI 12.2 - 35.8）以及机器或材料损坏（OR 20.6，95%CI 13.5 - 31.7）会增加职业伤害风险。职业伤害风险在性别、年龄、工作任务、行业风险水平或伤害严重程度方面没有显著差异。结论 采用病例交叉设计识别出了几个与工人相关的短暂风险因素（时间压力、感觉不适、被他人分心），这些因素会显著增加职业伤害风险。特别是，设备（机器和材料损坏）以及与工作实践相关的因素（非常规任务和环境改变）会增加职业伤害风险。有必要详细阐述与危险期和信息偏倚相关的结果。
