Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA.
Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017 Jan;56(1):51-58. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.10.014. Epub 2016 Nov 3.
Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are a heterogeneous set of behaviors common across a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) that extend well into the general population. This study introduces 2 dimensional measurements of RRBs for use in typical and clinical populations from infancy to adulthood.
The Childhood Routines Inventory-Revised (CRI-R) and the Adult Routines Inventory (ARI) were created and administered online to a nationally representative cohort of 3,108 parents with 3,032 children (range 12 months to 17 years 11 months). Twenty-six percent of children and 36% of adults had at least 1 NDD or NPD.
Principal axis factoring exploratory analysis showed a 2-factor structure for the 2 instruments (motor behaviors/compulsions and rigidity/insistence on sameness). Analyses for convergent and discriminant validity, internal consistency (Cronbach α ≥ 0.94), and test-retest reliability (r ≥ 0.87) indicated strong psychometric properties. Item response theory analyses indicated strong reliability across the score range for the 2 instruments. RRB rates varied across development, peaking between the preschool and school years. Children with NDDs or NPDs (particularly those with autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia/bipolar disorder, or obsessive-compulsive disorder/tic disorders) had increased RRBs compared with those with no diagnosis. Parent-child (0.69-0.84) and sibling-sibling (0.76-0.87) intraclass correlations indicated high heritability. Children of parents with an NDD or an NPD exhibited more RRBs compared with children of parents without NDDs or NPDs.
The CRI-R and ARI are open-source instruments with excellent psychometric properties and will be useful for developmental, clinical, and family genetic studies and for the identification of prodromal conditions involving RRBs.
受限和重复行为（RRBs）是一组广泛存在于神经发育障碍（NDDs）和神经精神障碍（NPDs）中的行为，其在普通人群中也广泛存在。本研究引入了用于从婴儿期到成年期的典型和临床人群的 RRBs 的二维测量。
创建了儿童日常行为清单修订版（CRI-R）和成人日常行为清单（ARI），并在线向一个具有全国代表性的 3108 名父母和 3032 名儿童（年龄 12 个月至 17 岁 11 个月）的队列进行了管理。26%的儿童和 36%的成年人至少有一种 NDD 或 NPD。
主轴因子分析探索性分析显示这两种工具（运动行为/强迫和僵化/坚持相同）具有 2 因素结构。用于收敛和判别有效性、内部一致性（Cronbach α≥0.94）和测试-重测可靠性（r≥0.87）的分析表明，其具有很强的心理测量特性。项目反应理论分析表明，这两种工具的分数范围内具有很强的可靠性。RRB 发生率在整个发育过程中有所不同，在学龄前和学龄期间达到峰值。与无诊断的儿童相比，患有 NDD 或 NPD（特别是患有自闭症谱系障碍、精神分裂症/双相障碍或强迫症/抽动障碍）的儿童 RRBs 更多。父母-子女（0.69-0.84）和兄弟姐妹-兄弟姐妹（0.76-0.87）的组内相关系数表明其具有高度遗传性。患有 NDD 或 NPD 的父母的子女与没有 NDD 或 NPD 的父母的子女相比，RRBs 更多。
CRI-R 和 ARI 是具有优异心理测量特性的开源工具，将有助于发育、临床和家族遗传学研究以及涉及 RRBs 的前驱状态的识别。
