Webb Cameron E, Doggett Stephen L
Medical Entomology, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia,
Medical Entomology, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
Public Health Res Pract. 2016 Dec 14;26(5):2651656. doi: 10.17061/phrp2651656.
Mosquito-borne diseases caused by endemic pathogens such as Ross River, Barmah Forest and Murray Valley encephalitis viruses are an annual concern in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. More than a dozen mosquito species have been implicated in the transmission of these pathogens, with each mosquito occupying a specialised ecological niche that influences their habitat associations, host feeding preferences and the environmental drivers of their abundance. The NSW Arbovirus Surveillance and Mosquito Monitoring Program provides an early warning system for potential outbreaks of mosquito-borne disease by tracking annual activity of these mosquitoes and their associated pathogens. Although the program will effectively track changes in local mosquito populations that may increase with a changing climate, urbanisation and wetland rehabilitation, it will be less effective with current surveillance methodologies at detecting or monitoring changes in exotic mosquito threats, where different surveillance strategies need to be used. Exotic container-inhabiting mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus pose a threat to NSW because they are nuisance-biting pests and vectors of pathogens such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses. International movement of humans and their belongings have spread these mosquitoes to many regions of the world. In recent years, these two mosquitoes have been detected by the Australian Government Department of Agriculture and Water Resources at local airports and seaports. To target the detection of these exotic mosquitoes, new trapping technologies and networks of surveillance locations are required. Additionally, incursions of these mosquitoes into urban areas of the state will require strategic responses to minimise substantial public health and economic burdens to local communities.
由罗斯河病毒、巴马森林病毒和墨累河谷脑炎病毒等地方性病原体引起的蚊媒疾病，是澳大利亚新南威尔士州（NSW）每年都要关注的问题。十几种蚊子与这些病原体的传播有关，每种蚊子都占据着一个特殊的生态位，这会影响它们的栖息地关联、宿主取食偏好以及其数量的环境驱动因素。新南威尔士州虫媒病毒监测和蚊子监测项目通过追踪这些蚊子及其相关病原体的年度活动，为蚊媒疾病的潜在爆发提供预警系统。尽管该项目将有效地追踪当地蚊子种群可能因气候变化、城市化和湿地恢复而增加的变化，但就目前的监测方法而言，在检测或监测外来蚊子威胁的变化方面效果较差，因为需要采用不同的监测策略。埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊等外来栖息于容器的蚊子对新南威尔士州构成威胁，因为它们是令人讨厌的叮咬害虫，也是登革热、基孔肯雅热和寨卡病毒等病原体的传播媒介。人类及其财物的国际流动已将这些蚊子传播到世界许多地区。近年来，澳大利亚农业和水资源部在当地机场和港口检测到了这两种蚊子。为了针对这些外来蚊子进行检测，需要新的诱捕技术和监测地点网络。此外，这些蚊子侵入该州城市地区将需要采取战略应对措施，以尽量减少对当地社区造成的重大公共卫生和经济负担。
