Starr Richard M, Gleason Mary G, Marks Corina I, Kline Donna, Rienecke Steve, Denney Christian, Tagini Anne, Field John C
California Sea Grant Program, Moss Landing, California, United States of America.
Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, California, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2016 Dec 21;11(12):e0168645. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168645. eCollection 2016.
Historically, it has been difficult to balance conservation goals and yield objectives when managing multispecies fisheries that include stocks with various vulnerabilities to fishing. As managers try to maximize yield in mixed-stock fisheries, exploitation rates can lead to less productive stocks becoming overfished. In the late 1990s, population declines of several U.S. West Coast groundfish species caused the U.S. Pacific Fishery Management Council to create coast-wide fishery closures, known as Rockfish Conservation Areas, to rebuild overfished species. The fishery closures and other management measures successfully reduced fishing mortality of these species, but constrained fishing opportunities on abundant stocks. Restrictive regulations also caused the unintended consequence of reducing fishery-dependent data available to assess population status of fished species. As stocks rebuild, managers are faced with the challenge of increasing fishing opportunities while minimizing fishing mortality on rebuilding species. We designed a camera system to evaluate fishes in coastal habitats and used experimental gear and fishing techniques paired with video surveys to determine if abundant species could be caught in rocky habitats with minimal catches of co-occurring rebuilding species. We fished a total of 58 days and completed 741 sets with vertical hook-and-line fishing gear. We also conducted 299 video surveys in the same locations where fishing occurred. Comparison of fishing and stereo-video surveys indicated that fishermen could fish with modified hook-and-line gear to catch abundant species while limiting bycatch of rebuilding species. As populations of overfished species continue to recover along the U.S. West Coast, it is important to improve data collection, and video and fishing surveys may be key to assessing species that occur in rocky habitats.
从历史上看，在管理多物种渔业时，很难在保护目标和产量目标之间取得平衡，因为这些渔业包括对捕捞具有不同脆弱性的种群。当管理者试图在混合种群渔业中实现产量最大化时，捕捞率可能会导致生产力较低的种群被过度捕捞。20世纪90年代末，美国西海岸几种底栖鱼类种群数量下降，导致美国太平洋渔业管理委员会设立了全海岸渔业禁渔区，即岩鱼保护区，以恢复过度捕捞的物种。渔业禁渔区和其他管理措施成功降低了这些物种的捕捞死亡率，但限制了对丰富种群的捕捞机会。限制性规定还产生了意想不到的后果，即减少了用于评估被捕捞物种种群状况的依赖渔业的数据。随着种群数量的恢复，管理者面临着增加捕捞机会同时将对正在恢复的物种的捕捞死亡率降至最低的挑战。我们设计了一种摄像系统来评估沿海栖息地的鱼类，并使用与视频调查相结合的实验性渔具和捕捞技术，以确定在岩石栖息地能否捕获丰富的物种，同时尽量减少共生的正在恢复的物种的捕获量。我们总共捕鱼58天，使用垂直钩线渔具完成了741次捕捞作业。我们还在捕鱼作业发生的相同地点进行了299次视频调查。捕鱼调查和立体视频调查的比较表明，渔民可以使用改良的钩线渔具捕鱼，以捕获丰富的物种，同时限制对正在恢复的物种的兼捕。随着美国西海岸过度捕捞物种的种群数量持续恢复，改进数据收集非常重要，视频和捕鱼调查可能是评估岩石栖息地物种的关键。
