Haney-Caron Emily, Brogan Leah, NeMoyer Amanda, Kelley Sharon, Heilbrun Kirk
Ms. Haney-Caron, Ms. Brogan, and Ms. NeMoyer are Doctoral Candidates and Dr. Heilbrun is Professor, Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Dr. Kelley is a Research Associate in Law and Forensic Psychology, Institute of Law, Psychiatry, and Public Policy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.
J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2016 Dec;44(4):457-469.
Legal decision-makers have discretion at every stage of processing in the juvenile justice system, and individual youth characteristics (e.g., a particular psychiatric diagnosis) influence how a youth progresses through the system. As a result, changes in diagnostic criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) may affect the rates of diagnoses among justice-involved youths and subsequently influence youths' experiences within the justice system. In this article, we identify the diagnoses most likely to exert such influences and review the prevalence of diagnosis and psychiatric disorder symptomatology in justice-involved youths. We highlight the DSM-5 changes in diagnostic criteria for internalizing and externalizing disorders that commonly occur among justice-involved youths and the potential impact of these changes on the rates of diagnoses within this population. Finally, we address the limitations of using psychiatric diagnoses in juvenile justice decision making, including the potential for biasing legal decision-makers and the importance of considering context as part of diagnosis.
在少年司法系统的每个处理阶段，法律决策者都有自由裁量权，而且青少年的个体特征（例如，特定的精神疾病诊断）会影响其在该系统中的进展情况。因此，《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版（DSM-5）中诊断标准的变化可能会影响涉及司法程序的青少年的诊断率，并随后影响青少年在司法系统中的经历。在本文中，我们确定了最有可能产生此类影响的诊断，并回顾了涉及司法程序的青少年的诊断患病率和精神障碍症状学。我们强调了DSM-5中涉及司法程序的青少年中常见的内化和外化障碍诊断标准的变化，以及这些变化对该人群诊断率的潜在影响。最后，我们讨论了在少年司法决策中使用精神疾病诊断的局限性，包括可能对法律决策者产生偏见以及将背景作为诊断一部分加以考虑的重要性。
