Katoh Hiroto, Ishikawa Shumpei
Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
Pathol Int. 2017 Feb;67(2):63-71. doi: 10.1111/pin.12493. Epub 2016 Dec 22.
With the recent advances in genome sequencing technologies, comprehensive cancer genomic profiling has revealed the in-depth molecular mechanisms of gastric malignancies. New insights into the carcinogenesis pathways of gastric cancers have been acquired, not only by DNA sequencing, but also by the expression profiling of the transcriptome, the identification of chimeric genes, and epi-genetic profiling (such as DNA hypermethylation). Global genomic profiling of gastric cancers, in combination with histopathology, etiology, and cancer biology, has clarified that gastric cancers can be categorized into four subtypes with specific genomic characteristics. Here, we summarize recent knowledge concerning the clinically relevant genomic classifications of gastric cancers and discuss the therapeutic implications for such genomic subtypes, including future perspectives for immune-checkpoint blockade therapies against gastric malignancies.
随着基因组测序技术的最新进展，全面的癌症基因组分析揭示了胃恶性肿瘤的深入分子机制。不仅通过DNA测序，还通过转录组表达谱分析、嵌合基因鉴定和表观遗传分析（如DNA高甲基化），获得了对胃癌致癌途径的新见解。胃癌的全基因组分析与组织病理学、病因学和癌症生物学相结合，明确了胃癌可分为具有特定基因组特征的四种亚型。在此，我们总结了有关胃癌临床相关基因组分类的最新知识，并讨论了此类基因组亚型的治疗意义，包括针对胃恶性肿瘤的免疫检查点阻断疗法的未来前景。
