Rampelotti-Ferreira Fátima Terezinha, Coelho Aloisio, Parra José Roberto Postali, Vendramim José Djair
Department of Entomology and Acarology - Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" - ESALQ, Av. Pádua Dias, n. 11 - Cx. P. 9, 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
Department of Entomology and Acarology - Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" - ESALQ, Av. Pádua Dias, n. 11 - Cx. P. 9, 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2017 Apr;138:78-82. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.12.026. Epub 2016 Dec 22.
We evaluated the selectivity of three plant extracts with potential insecticidal effects for the parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, which is commonly used in biological pest control. The plant extracts assayed were an acetone extract of Toona ciliata M. Roem., commercial neem oil, and a nanoencapsulated formulation of neem oil (NC40). The toxicity of the plant extracts to T. pretiosum was evaluated according to the recommendations of the International Organization for Biological Control- IOBC Working Group. We assessed the susceptibility of adults of the maternal and F1 generations and immature stages of T. pretiosum to the extracts. Females exposed to egg cards treated with commercial neem oil parasitized almost 70% fewer eggs than control eggs treated with water; and this extract was therefore classified as slightly harmful. When the eggs were offered to females 24h after treatment with neem oil and aqueous NC40, the parasitism rate also decreased, and the two extracts were classified as slightly harmful. Adult emergence was lower for parasitoids that fed on host eggs offered 24h after the treatment with the T. ciliata extract, which was considered slightly harmful. The emergence of T. pretiosum from eggs, larvae and pupae treated with the different plant extracts, did not decrease compared to development stages treated with the water control. The use of T. pretiosum, combined with the application of an ethanol extract of T. ciliata and a nanoencapsulated formulation of neem, appears to be feasible in view of these low toxicity indices.
我们评估了三种具有潜在杀虫作用的植物提取物对寄生蜂赤眼蜂（Trichogramma pretiosum Riley）的选择性，赤眼蜂常用于生物防治害虫。所检测的植物提取物分别是红椿（Toona ciliata M. Roem.）的丙酮提取物、市售印楝油以及印楝油纳米胶囊制剂（NC40）。根据国际生物防治组织 - 国际生物防治协会工作组的建议，评估了植物提取物对赤眼蜂的毒性。我们评估了赤眼蜂亲代和F1代成虫以及未成熟阶段对提取物的敏感性。接触用市售印楝油处理过的卵卡的雌性寄生的卵比用水处理的对照卵少近70%；因此，这种提取物被归类为轻度有害。在用印楝油和水性NC40处理24小时后将卵提供给雌性时，寄生率也下降了，这两种提取物被归类为轻度有害。取食经红椿提取物处理24小时后提供的寄主卵的寄生蜂成虫羽化率较低，该提取物被认为是轻度有害的。与用水处理的发育阶段相比，用不同植物提取物处理卵、幼虫和蛹后，赤眼蜂的羽化率并未降低。鉴于这些低毒性指标，将赤眼蜂与红椿乙醇提取物和印楝纳米胶囊制剂联合使用似乎是可行的。
