Harvey Jeffrey A, Essens Tijl A, Las Rutger A, van Veen Cindy, Visser Bertanne, Ellers Jacintha, Heinen Robin, Gols Rieta
Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Droevendalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; VU University Amsterdam, Department of Ecological Sciences, Section Animal Ecology, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Droevendalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
J Insect Physiol. 2017 Apr;98:134-140. doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.12.003. Epub 2016 Dec 23.
Adult dietary regimes in insects may affect egg production, fecundity and ultimately fitness. This is especially relevant in parasitoid wasps where many species serve as important biological control agents of agricultural pests. Here, we tested the effect of honey and sugar diets on daily fecundity schedules, lifetime reproductive success and longevity in four species of parasitoid wasps when reared on their respective hosts. The parasitoid species were selected based on dichotomies in host usage strategies and reproductive traits. Gelis agilis and G. areator are idiobiont ecto-parasitoids that develop in non-growing hosts, feed on protein-rich host fluids to maximize reproduction as adults and produce small numbers of large eggs. Meteorus pulchricornis and Microplitis mediator are koinobiont endoparasitoids that develop inside the bodies of growing hosts, do not host-feed, and produce greater numbers of small eggs. Parasitoids were reared on diets of either pure honey (containing trace amounts of proteins), heated honey (with denatured proteins) and a honey-mimic containing sugars only. We hypothesized that the benefits of proteins in honey would enhance reproduction in the ectoparasitoids due to their high metabolic investment per egg, but not in the koinobionts. Pure honey diet resulted in higher lifetime fecundity in G. agilis compared with the honey-mimic, whereas in both koinobionts, reproductive success did not vary significantly with diet. Longevity was less affected by diet in all of the parasitoids, although there were variable trade-offs between host access and longevity in the four species. We argue that there are both trait-based and association-specific effects of supplementary nutrients in honey on reproductive investment and success in parasitoid wasps.
昆虫的成虫饮食模式可能会影响产卵量、繁殖力以及最终的适合度。这在寄生蜂中尤为重要，因为许多寄生蜂种类是农业害虫的重要生物防治剂。在此，我们测试了蜂蜜和糖类饮食对四种寄生蜂在以各自寄主饲养时的每日繁殖力时间表、终生繁殖成功率和寿命的影响。这些寄生蜂种类是根据寄主利用策略和繁殖特征的二分法挑选出来的。敏捷吉丁寄蝇和阿里吉丁寄蝇是静止外寄生蜂，在不生长的寄主体内发育，以富含蛋白质的寄主体液为食，以在成虫期实现繁殖最大化，并产下少量的大卵。华丽流星蚜茧蜂和淡足侧沟茧蜂是共栖内寄生蜂，在生长中的寄主体内发育，不以寄主为食，产下数量更多的小卵。寄生蜂分别以纯蜂蜜（含微量蛋白质）、加热蜂蜜（蛋白质已变性）和仅含糖类的蜂蜜模拟物为食。我们假设，由于外寄生蜂每个卵的代谢投入高，蜂蜜中的蛋白质会增强其繁殖能力，但对共栖内寄生蜂则不然。与蜂蜜模拟物相比，纯蜂蜜饮食使敏捷吉丁寄蝇的终生繁殖力更高，而在两种共栖内寄生蜂中，繁殖成功率并未因饮食而有显著差异。所有寄生蜂的寿命受饮食的影响较小，尽管这四个物种在寄主获取和寿命之间存在不同的权衡。我们认为，蜂蜜中的补充营养物质对寄生蜂的繁殖投入和成功既有基于性状的影响，也有特定关联的影响。
