de Perre Chloe, Murphy Tracye M, Lydy Michael J
Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA.
Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2017 Jul;36(7):1947-1954. doi: 10.1002/etc.3724. Epub 2017 Feb 6.
Currently, the potential impact of insecticide mixtures to nontarget organisms is largely unknown, and additional study is needed. The present study investigated the mixture toxicity of the organophosphate insecticide phostebupirim and the pyrethroid insecticide cyfluthrin using 4 nontarget species including Daphnia magna, Hyalella azteca, Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow), and Danio rerio (zebrafish). For each species, the toxicity of equipotent mixtures was compared with the expected toxicity estimated using the independent action (IA) and concentration addition (CA) models. Lethal and sublethal responses to D. magna and H. azteca were best described with the IA model. For both fish species, mixture toxicity was significantly higher than that estimated using either mixture model. The synergism noted in fish exposed to the combination of phostebupirim and cyfluthrin was confirmed by exposing P. promelas larvae to a nontoxic dose of phostebupirim and a range of toxic cyfluthrin concentrations, and vice versa. Sublethal and lethal concentrations to fish were up to 7 times lower for the mixture than in concurrently run individual compound exposures. Potential mechanisms for the synergistic responses found in fish are presented. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1947-1954. © 2016 SETAC.
目前，杀虫剂混合物对非靶标生物的潜在影响在很大程度上尚不清楚，需要进一步研究。本研究使用包括大型溞、阿氏摇蚊、黑头呆鱼和斑马鱼在内的4种非靶标物种，研究了有机磷杀虫剂丁苯吗啉和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂氟氯氰菊酯的混合毒性。对于每个物种，将等效混合物的毒性与使用独立作用（IA）模型和浓度相加（CA）模型估算的预期毒性进行了比较。对大型溞和阿氏摇蚊的致死和亚致死反应，用IA模型描述最为合适。对于这两种鱼类，混合物毒性显著高于使用任一混合模型估算的毒性。通过将黑头呆鱼幼虫暴露于无毒剂量的丁苯吗啉和一系列有毒的氟氯氰菊酯浓度下，反之亦然，证实了暴露于丁苯吗啉和氟氯氰菊酯组合的鱼类中存在的协同作用。混合物对鱼类的亚致死和致死浓度比同时进行的单一化合物暴露低多达7倍。文中提出了在鱼类中发现的协同反应的潜在机制。《环境毒理学与化学》2017年；36:1947 - 1954。©2016 SETAC。
