Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1, E-08028, Barcelona, Catalonia.
Adv Mater. 2017 Mar;29(11). doi: 10.1002/adma.201603607. Epub 2016 Dec 27.
The search for materials with large caloric effects has become a major challenge in material science due to their potential in developing near room-temperature solid-state cooling devices, which are both efficient and clean, and that can successfully replace present refrigeration technologies. There are three main families of caloric materials: magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, and mechanocaloric. While magnetocaloric and electrocaloric materials have been studied intensively in the last few decades, mechanocaloric materials are only very recently receiving a great deal of attention. The mechanocaloric effect refers to the reversible thermal response of a solid when subjected to an external mechanical field, and encompasses both the elastocaloric effect, corresponding to a uniaxial force, and the barocaloric effect, which corresponds to the response to hydrostatic pressure. Here, the state of the art in giant mechanocaloric effects is reviewed and a critical analysis of the thermodynamic quantities that characterize the major families of barocaloric and elastocaloric materials is provided. Finally perspectives for further development in this area are given.
寻找具有大卡效应的材料已经成为材料科学的主要挑战，因为它们有可能开发出近室温的固态冷却设备，这些设备既高效又清洁，可以成功替代现有的制冷技术。有三种主要的卡效应材料：磁卡效应、电卡效应和机械卡效应。虽然磁卡效应和电卡效应材料在过去几十年中得到了深入研究，但机械卡效应材料直到最近才受到广泛关注。机械卡效应是指固体在外力场作用下的可逆热响应，包括单轴力对应的弹卡效应和静水压力对应的压卡效应。本文综述了巨机械卡效应的最新研究进展，并对主要的压卡和弹卡材料的热力学特性进行了深入分析。最后，对该领域的进一步发展前景进行了展望。
