Zbrojkiewicz Małgorzata, Śliwiński Leszek
Katedra i Zakład Podstawowych Nauk Biomedycznych, Wydział Farmaceutyczny z Oddziałem Medycyny Laboratoryjnej, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach.
Katedra i Zakład Farmakologii, Wydział Farmaceutyczny z Oddziałem Medycyny Laboratoryjnej, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach.
Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2016 Dec 27;70(0):1276-1285.
Intracellular concentration of cGMP depends on the activity of guanylate cyclase, responsible for its synthesis, on the activity of cyclic nucleotide degrading enzymes - phosphodiesterases (PDEs). There are two forms of guanylate cyclase: the membrane-bound cyclase and the soluble form. The physiological activators of the membrane guanylate cyclase are natriuretic peptides (NPs), and of the cytosolic guanylate cyclase - nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Intracellular cGMP signaling pathways arise from its direct effect on the activity of G protein kinases, phosphodiesterases and cyclic nucleotide dependent cation channels. It has been shown in recent years that cGMP can also affect other signal pathways in cell signaling activity involving Wnt proteins and sex hormones. The increased interest in the research on the role of cGMP, resulted also in the discovery of its role in the regulation of phototransduction in the eye, neurotransmission, calcium homeostasis, platelet aggregation, heartbeat, bone remodeling, lipid metabolism and the activity of the cation channels. Better understanding of the mechanisms of action of cGMP in the regulation of cell function can create new opportunities for the cGMP affecting drugs use in the pharmacotherapy.
细胞内cGMP的浓度取决于负责其合成的鸟苷酸环化酶的活性，以及环核苷酸降解酶——磷酸二酯酶（PDEs）的活性。鸟苷酸环化酶有两种形式：膜结合型环化酶和可溶性形式。膜鸟苷酸环化酶的生理激活剂是利钠肽（NPs），而胞质鸟苷酸环化酶的生理激活剂是一氧化氮（NO）和一氧化碳（CO）。细胞内cGMP信号通路源于其对G蛋白激酶、磷酸二酯酶和环核苷酸依赖性阳离子通道活性的直接影响。近年来已表明，cGMP在涉及Wnt蛋白和性激素的细胞信号活动中也可影响其他信号通路。对cGMP作用的研究兴趣增加，还导致发现了其在眼睛光转导调节、神经传递、钙稳态、血小板聚集、心跳、骨重塑、脂质代谢以及阳离子通道活性中的作用。更好地理解cGMP在调节细胞功能中的作用机制可为cGMP影响药物在药物治疗中的应用创造新机会。
