Hwang Kun, Kim Ji Yeon, Lim Jae Hyun
Department of Plastic Surgery, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
J Craniofac Surg. 2017 Mar;28(2):539-542. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000003318.
The aim of this paper was to review the anatomy the platysma systematically.The term "platysma AND anatomy" was used to search PubMed and Scopus, producing 394 and 214 papers, respectively. After excluding 95 duplicate titles, 513 abstracts and 98 full papers were reviewed. Among these 98 papers, 83 were excluded and 5 were added. Ultimately, 20 papers were analyzed.The most common aging-related change of the platysma was shortening (70.7%), followed by thinning (25.2%). The platysma most commonly originated from the upper portion of thorax anterior to clavicle (67.7%), followed by the subcutaneous tissue of the subclavicular and acromial regions (22.6%) and pectoralis (9.7%). The platysma ascended upward and medially (68.5%) or ascended from the clavicle to the face (31.5%). The platysma most commonly inserted on the cheek skin (57.5%), followed by the cutaneous muscles around the mouth (18.6%), the mandibulocutaneous ligament or zygoma (18.6%), and the parotid fascia or periosteum of the mandible (5.3%). The platysma was most commonly innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve (38.2%) or the cervical branch and mandibular branch of the facial nerve (60.5%), followed by the cervical plexus (0.6%), the cervical motor nucleus (0.6%), and the glossopharyngeal nerve (0.1%). The most common action of the platysma was drawing the lips inferiorly (83.3%) or posteriorly (12.9%). Four papers classified the platysma into subtypes; however, these classification strategies used arbitrary standards.Further studies will be necessary to establish the thickness of the platysma and to characterize age-related changes of the platysma.
本文旨在系统回顾颈阔肌的解剖结构。使用“颈阔肌与解剖学”这一术语在PubMed和Scopus数据库中进行检索，分别得到394篇和214篇论文。排除95个重复标题后，对513篇摘要和98篇全文进行了审阅。在这98篇论文中，排除83篇，新增5篇。最终，分析了20篇论文。颈阔肌最常见的与衰老相关的变化是缩短（70.7%），其次是变薄（25.2%）。颈阔肌最常见的起于锁骨前方胸部上段（67.7%），其次是锁骨下和肩峰区域的皮下组织（22.6%）以及胸大肌（9.7%）。颈阔肌向上内侧走行（68.5%）或从锁骨向上至面部走行（31.5%）。颈阔肌最常见的止于颊部皮肤（57.5%），其次是口周皮肌（18.6%）、下颌皮肤韧带或颧骨（18.6%）以及腮腺筋膜或下颌骨骨膜（5.3%）。颈阔肌最常见的受面神经颈支（38.2%）或面神经颈支和下颌支（60.5%）支配，其次是颈丛（0.6%）、颈运动核（0.6%）以及舌咽神经（0.1%）。颈阔肌最常见的作用是向下（83.3%）或向后（12.9%）牵拉嘴唇。有4篇论文将颈阔肌分为亚型；然而，这些分类策略采用的是任意标准。有必要进一步开展研究以确定颈阔肌的厚度，并描述颈阔肌与年龄相关的变化特征。
