Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Redland Hospital and Wynnum Health Service, Metro South Health, Brisbane, Australia.
Allergy. 2017 Aug;72(8):1193-1201. doi: 10.1111/all.13114. Epub 2017 Jan 25.
It has been hypothesized that n-3 PUFA in breast milk may assist immune and lung development. There are very limited data on possible long-term effects on allergic disease and lung function. The aim was to investigate associations of n-3 and n-6 PUFA levels in colostrum and breast milk with allergic disease and lung function at ages 12 and 18 years.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids were measured in 194 colostrum samples and in 118 three-month expressed breast milk samples from mothers of children enrolled in the Melbourne Atopy Cohort (MACS) Study, a high-risk birth cohort study. Associations with allergic diseases, skin prick tests and lung function assessed at 12 and 18 years were estimated using multivariable regression.
Higher levels of n-3 but not n-6 PUFAs in colostrum were associated with a trend towards increased odds of allergic diseases, with strong associations observed for allergic rhinitis at 12 (OR = 5.69[95% CI: 1.83,17.60] per weight%) and 18 years (4.43[1.46,13.39]) and eczema at 18 years (9.89[1.44, 68.49]). Higher levels of colostrum n-3 PUFAs were associated with reduced sensitization (3.37[1.18, 9.6]), mean FEV (-166 ml [-332, -1]) and FEV /FVC ratio (-4.6%, [-8.1, -1.1]) at 12 years.
Higher levels of colostrum n-3 PUFAs were associated with increased risks of allergic rhinitis and eczema up to 18 years, and sensitization and reduced lung function at 12 years. As residual confounding may have caused these associations, they should be replicated, but these results could indicate that strategies that increase maternal n-3 PUFA intake may not aid in allergic disease prevention.
据推测，母乳中的 n-3PUFA 可能有助于免疫和肺部发育。关于其对过敏性疾病和肺功能的长期影响，目前的数据非常有限。本研究旨在探讨初乳和哺乳期母乳中 n-3 和 n-6PUFA 水平与 12 岁和 18 岁时过敏性疾病和肺功能的相关性。
对墨尔本过敏队列研究（MACS）中高风险出生队列的 194 例初乳样本和 118 例 3 个月母乳喂养样本中的多不饱和脂肪酸进行了测量。采用多变量回归估计其与 12 岁和 18 岁时过敏性疾病、皮肤点刺试验和肺功能的相关性。
初乳中 n-3PUFA 水平升高与过敏性疾病的发生几率呈正相关趋势，但与 12 岁时的过敏性鼻炎（比值比=5.69[95%置信区间：1.83，17.60]）和 18 岁时的过敏性鼻炎（比值比=4.43[1.46，13.39]）以及 18 岁时的特应性皮炎（比值比=9.89[1.44，68.49]）的相关性较强，而 n-6PUFA 水平则没有相关性。初乳中 n-3PUFA 水平升高与致敏（比值比=3.37[1.18，9.6]）、12 岁时的 FEV（-166ml[-332，-1]）和 FEV/FVC 比值（-4.6%[-8.1，-1.1]）降低相关。
初乳中 n-3PUFA 水平升高与 18 岁时过敏性鼻炎和特应性皮炎的发病风险增加有关，也与 12 岁时的致敏和肺功能下降有关。由于残余混杂因素可能导致这些关联，因此需要进一步验证，但这些结果可能表明，增加母体 n-3PUFA 摄入的策略可能无助于预防过敏性疾病。
