Poulin R, Pérez-Ponce de León G
Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México, D.F., México.
J Evol Biol. 2017 Mar;30(3):641-649. doi: 10.1111/jeb.13034. Epub 2017 Jan 10.
The ubiquity of genetically distinct, cryptic species is limiting any attempt to estimate local or global biodiversity as well as impeding efforts to conserve species or control pests and diseases. Environmental factors or biological traits promoting rapid diversification into morphologically similar species remain unclear. Here, using a meta-analysis of 1230 studies using DNA sequences to search for cryptic diversity in metazoan taxa, we test two hypotheses regarding the frequency of cryptic taxa based on mode of life and habitat. First, after correcting for study effort and accounting for higher taxonomic affinities and biogeographical region of origins, our results do not support the hypothesis that cryptic taxa are more frequent among parasitic than free-living taxa. Second, in contrast, the results support the hypothesis that cryptic taxa are more common in certain habitats than others: for a given study effort, more cryptic taxa are found in freshwater than in terrestrial or marine taxa. These findings suggest that the greater heterogeneity and fragmentation of freshwater habitats may promote higher rates of genetic differentiation among its inhabitants, a general pattern with serious implications for freshwater conservation biology.
基因不同的隐性物种无处不在，这限制了人们对当地或全球生物多样性的评估，也阻碍了物种保护以及病虫害防治工作。环境因素或生物学特性如何促使生物快速分化为形态相似的物种，目前尚不清楚。在此，我们通过对1230项利用DNA序列在后生动物类群中寻找隐性多样性的研究进行荟萃分析，基于生活方式和栖息地对关于隐性类群频率的两个假设进行了检验。第一，在对研究工作量进行校正，并考虑到更高的分类学亲缘关系和起源的生物地理区域后，我们的结果并不支持以下假设：隐性类群在寄生性类群中比在自由生活类群中更为常见。第二，相反，结果支持以下假设：隐性类群在某些栖息地比在其他栖息地更为常见：在给定的研究工作量下，在淡水类群中发现的隐性类群比在陆地或海洋类群中更多。这些发现表明，淡水栖息地更大的异质性和碎片化可能会促进其生物之间更高的遗传分化率，这一普遍模式对淡水保护生物学具有重要意义。
