Tee Hui-Siang, Lee Chow-Yang
Urban Entomology Laboratory, Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
Water Quality Management and Modeling Division, Catchment and Waterways Department, Public Utilities Board, Singapore.
J Econ Entomol. 2017 Feb 1;110(1):213-220. doi: 10.1093/jee/tow287.
The influences of ootheca age and temperature on the life history of Aprostocetus hagenowii (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a gregarious ootheca parasitoid of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattidae), were evaluated. Oothecae were incubated at 20, 25, and 30 °C to produce oothecae aged 1-60, 1-40, and 1-30 d old, respectively. Fitness traits (development time, percentage emergence, number of progeny, percentage female progeny, and female body size) of A. hagenowii developing in these different-aged oothecae were determined. For oothecae incubated at 20, 25, and 30 °C, parasitoids successfully developed in oothecae aged up to 50, 30, and 20 d old, which represent 72.9%, 65.9%, and 61.9% of the total embryonic development time of P. americana, respectively, without any changes in their fitness traits. When A. hagenowii from oothecae kept at constant temperatures (20, 25, 30, 32, and 35 °C) were compared, the immature development time (71.0-34.0 d) and adult life span decreased with increasing temperature. No parasitoid emerged at 35 °C. The lower, upper, and optimal temperature-dependent developmental thresholds were 9.5, 34.2, and 31.1 °C, respectively. Thermal constant for total immature development was 666.7 degree-days. Temperature did not affect lifetime realized fecundity and number of oothecae parasitized by females but did influence parasitism activities over time. Sugar-fed females sustained longer periods of high parasitism rates (≥70%) at 20-30 °C (15-30 d) than at 32-35 °C (1-5 d). These results are useful for determining the ootheca age and temperature range optimal for parasitoid rearing and for estimating the effectiveness of biological control by the wasps.
评估了卵鞘年龄和温度对哈氏长尾啮小蜂（Aprostocetus hagenowii (Ratzeburg)，膜翅目：优茧蜂科）生活史的影响，哈氏长尾啮小蜂是美洲大蠊（Periplaneta americana (L.)，蜚蠊目：蜚蠊科）卵鞘的群居性寄生蜂。将卵鞘分别在20、25和30°C下孵育，以分别获得1 - 60日龄、1 - 40日龄和1 - 30日龄的卵鞘。测定了在这些不同年龄卵鞘中发育的哈氏长尾啮小蜂的适合度性状（发育时间、羽化率、子代数量、雌性子代百分比和雌虫体型）。对于在20、25和30°C下孵育的卵鞘，寄生蜂能在分别达50、30和20日龄的卵鞘中成功发育，这些日龄分别占美洲大蠊胚胎发育总时间的72.9%、65.9%和61.9%，且其适合度性状无任何变化。比较了在恒温（20、25、30、32和35°C）下卵鞘中羽化出的哈氏长尾啮小蜂，其未成熟发育时间（71.0 - 34.0天）和成虫寿命随温度升高而缩短。在35°C时无寄生蜂羽化。发育的下限、上限和最适温度阈值分别为9.5、34.2和31.1°C。未成熟发育的热常数为666.7度日。温度不影响雌虫的终生实际繁殖力和被寄生的卵鞘数量，但会影响其随时间的寄生活动。取食糖类的雌虫在20 - 30°C（15 - 30天）维持高寄生率（≥70%）的时间比在32 - 35°C（1 - 5天）更长。这些结果对于确定适合寄生蜂饲养的卵鞘年龄和温度范围以及评估黄蜂生物防治的效果很有用。
