Hafner Sarah C, Watanabe Naoko, Harter Thomas, Bergamaschi Brian A, Parikh Sanjai J
Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
U.S. Geological Survey, Placer Hall 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA 95819, United States.
J Environ Manage. 2017 Apr 1;190:28-34. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.024. Epub 2016 Dec 25.
Environmental release of veterinary pharmaceuticals has been of regulatory concern for more than a decade. Monensin is a feed additive antibiotic that is prevalent throughout the dairy industry and is excreted in dairy waste. This study investigates the potential of dairy waste management practices to alter the amount of monensin available for release into the environment. Analysis of wastewater and groundwater from two dairy farms in California consistently concluded that monensin is most present in lagoon water and groundwater downgradient of lagoons. Since the lagoons represent a direct source of monensin to groundwater, the effect of waste management, by mechanical screen separation and lagoon aeration, on aqueous monensin concentration was investigated through construction of lagoon microcosms. The results indicate that monensin attenuation is not improved by increased solid-liquid separation prior to storage in lagoons, as monensin is rapidly desorbed after dilution with water. Monensin is also shown to be easily degraded in lagoon microcosms receiving aeration, but is relatively stable and available for leaching under typical anaerobic lagoon conditions.
十多年来，兽药的环境排放一直是监管关注的问题。莫能菌素是一种饲料添加剂抗生素，在乳制品行业普遍使用，并随乳制品废弃物排出。本研究调查了乳制品废弃物管理措施改变莫能菌素向环境释放量的可能性。对加利福尼亚州两个奶牛场的废水和地下水进行分析后一致得出结论，莫能菌素在泻湖水和泻湖下游的地下水中含量最高。由于泻湖是莫能菌素进入地下水的直接来源，通过构建泻湖微观世界，研究了机械筛网分离和泻湖曝气等废弃物管理措施对水中莫能菌素浓度的影响。结果表明，在泻湖储存前增加固液分离并不能改善莫能菌素的衰减，因为莫能菌素在用水稀释后会迅速解吸。研究还表明，在接受曝气的泻湖微观世界中，莫能菌素很容易降解，但在典型的厌氧泻湖条件下相对稳定且易于淋溶。
