A Variant of Peptide Transporter 2 Predicts the Severity of Porphyria-Associated Kidney Disease.

CKD occurs in most patients with acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). During AIP, -aminolevulinic acid (ALA) accumulates and promotes tubular cell death and tubulointerstitial damage. The human peptide transporter 2 (PEPT2) expressed by proximal tubular cells mediates the reabsorption of ALA, and variants of PEPT2 have different affinities for ALA. We tested the hypothesis that genotypes affect the severity and prognosis of porphyria-associated kidney disease. We analyzed data from 122 individuals with AIP who were followed from 2003 to 2013 and genotyped for At last follow-up, carriers of the genotype (higher affinity variant) exhibited worse renal function than carriers of the lower affinity variants and (mean±SD eGFR: 54.4±19.1, 66.6±23.8, and 78.1±19.9 ml/min per 1.73 m, respectively). Change in eGFR (mean±SD) over the 10-year period was -11.0±3.3, -2.4±1.9, and 3.4±2.6 ml/min per 1.73 m for , , and carriers, respectively. At the end of follow-up, 68% of carriers had an eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m, compared with 37% of carriers and 15% of carriers. Multiple regression models including all confounders indicated that the genotype independently associated with an eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m (odds ratio, 6.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.34 to 46.20) and an annual decrease in eGFR of >1 ml/min per 1.73 m (odds ratio, 3.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.37 to 9.91). Thus, a gene variant is predictive of the severity of a chronic complication of AIP. The therapeutic value of PEPT2 inhibitors in preventing porphyria-associated kidney disease warrants investigation.