Cohen G, Faulkner D
Human Cognition Research Laboratory, Open University, Milton Keynes, England.
Psychol Aging. 1989 Mar;4(1):10-7. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.4.1.10.
Age differences in memory for the source of memories were investigated using two different experimental paradigms. Experiment 1 used a reality monitoring paradigm. A series of actions were either performed, imagined, or watched, and subjects were later tested for their ability to recognize the actions and identify their origins. Elderly subjects made more false positive responses than did young subjects, and they made more source confusion errors, attributing actions to the wrong sources. Both new and imagined actions were most often misclassified as watched. Experiment 2 used an eyewitness testimony paradigm. After watching a film, subjects read a written version of the story. A recognition test showed that elderly subjects were more often misled by false information in the story than were the younger subjects, and were more confident that their erroneous responses were correct. The findings suggest that a decline in memory for sources may diminish the accuracy of elderly witnesses.
使用两种不同的实验范式对记忆来源的年龄差异进行了研究。实验1采用现实监控范式。一系列动作要么被执行、被想象，要么被观看，随后对受试者识别这些动作并确定其来源的能力进行测试。老年受试者比年轻受试者做出了更多的误报反应，并且他们犯了更多的来源混淆错误，将动作归因于错误的来源。新动作和想象的动作最常被错误分类为观看过的。实验2采用目击者证词范式。观看一部电影后，受试者阅读该故事的书面版本。一项识别测试表明，与年轻受试者相比，老年受试者更容易被故事中的错误信息误导，并且更确信他们的错误回答是正确的。研究结果表明，记忆来源的衰退可能会降低老年证人的准确性。
