Burton L A, Levy J
Cornell University, Medical College, Burke Rehabilitation Center, White Plains, NY 10605.
Brain Cogn. 1989 Nov;11(2):210-28. doi: 10.1016/0278-2626(89)90018-3.
Two reaction time tasks were administered to male and female normal subjects, involving judgments of facial emotion. In the Word-Face task, judgments of similarity or difference of a centrally presented emotion word and an emotional face presented in the left or right visual field were required, and in the Face-Face task, comparisons of a centrally presented and a laterally presented emotional face were required. Results were significant for the matching trials only. Reaction times to negative emotions were faster overall than to positive emotions, and an Emotional Valence by Visual Field interaction was found such that reaction times were faster for negative emotions in the left visual field and for positive emotions in the right visual field. This interaction was significant for the female but not the male subjects, although similar patterns were observed in both sexes. Further, an interaction of Gender, Task, and Emotional Valence was found, such that the two tasks had opposite effects for the two sexes. The Face-Face task appeared to inhibit the performance of the male subjects and facilitate the performance of the female subjects in terms of reaction time. It was suggested that specifying the target emotion by an emotional face elicits a greater emotional response on the part of the subject than specification by a word, and that this emotional elicitation may result in a reactive inhibition in the male subjects and in an elaboration of the emotional response in the female subjects.
对男性和女性正常受试者进行了两项反应时间任务，涉及对面部情绪的判断。在字词-面部任务中，要求判断中央呈现的情绪词与左侧或右侧视野中呈现的情绪面孔的相似性或差异性；在面部-面部任务中，要求比较中央呈现的和侧面呈现的情绪面孔。结果仅在匹配试验中具有显著性。总体而言，对负面情绪的反应时间比对正面情绪的反应时间更快，并且发现了情绪效价与视野的交互作用，即左侧视野中负面情绪的反应时间更快，右侧视野中正面情绪的反应时间更快。这种交互作用在女性受试者中显著，而在男性受试者中不显著，尽管在两性中都观察到了类似的模式。此外，还发现了性别、任务和情绪效价的交互作用，即两项任务对两性有相反的影响。就反应时间而言，面部-面部任务似乎抑制了男性受试者的表现，而促进了女性受试者的表现。研究表明，用情绪面孔指定目标情绪比用词语指定能引发受试者更大的情绪反应，并且这种情绪引发可能导致男性受试者产生反应性抑制，而女性受试者的情绪反应则会得到强化。
