Katsoyiannis Ioannis A, Gkotsis Petros, Castellana Massimo, Cartechini Fabricio, Zouboulis Anastasios I
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Box 116, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Box 116, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
J Environ Manage. 2017 Apr 1;190:132-139. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.040. Epub 2016 Dec 29.
The operation and efficiency of a modern, high-tech industrial full-scale water treatment plant was investigated in the present study. The treated water was used for the supply of the boilers, producing steam to feed the steam turbine of the power station. The inlet water was the effluent of municipal wastewater treatment plant of the city of Bari (Italy). The treatment stages comprised (1) coagulation, using ferric chloride, (2) lime softening, (3) powdered activated carbon, all dosed in a sedimentation tank. The treated water was thereafter subjected to dual-media filtration, followed by ultra-filtration (UF). The outlet of UF was subsequently treated by reverse osmosis (RO) and finally by ion exchange (IX). The inlet water had total organic carbon (TOC) concentration 10-12 mg/L, turbidity 10-15 NTU and conductivity 3500-4500 μS/cm. The final demineralized water had TOC less than 0.2 mg/L, turbidity less than 0.1 NTU and conductivity 0.055-0.070 μS/cm. Organic matter fractionation showed that most of the final DOC concentration consisted of low molecular weight neutral compounds, while other compounds such as humic acids or building blocks were completely removed. It is notable that this plant was operating under "Zero Liquid Discharge" conditions, implementing treatment of any generated liquid waste.
本研究对一座现代化高科技工业规模的水处理厂的运行情况和效率进行了调查。处理后的水用于供应锅炉，产生蒸汽以驱动发电站的蒸汽轮机。进水是意大利巴里市城市污水处理厂的出水。处理阶段包括：（1）使用氯化铁进行混凝；（2）石灰软化；（3）投加粉末活性炭，所有这些操作均在沉淀池内进行。此后，处理后的水进行双介质过滤，接着进行超滤（UF）。超滤的出水随后通过反渗透（RO）处理，最后通过离子交换（IX）处理。进水的总有机碳（TOC）浓度为10 - 12mg/L，浊度为10 - 15NTU，电导率为3500 - 4500μS/cm。最终的软化水TOC小于0.2mg/L，浊度小于0.1NTU，电导率为0.055 - 0.070μS/cm。有机物分级显示，最终溶解性有机碳（DOC）浓度的大部分由低分子量中性化合物组成，而腐殖酸或结构单元等其他化合物则被完全去除。值得注意的是，该工厂在“零液体排放”条件下运行，对产生的任何液体废物都进行处理。
