Krasovsky T, Weiss P L, Kizony R
Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center (Tel Hashomer), Ramat-Gan, Israel.
Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Gait Posture. 2017 Feb;52:354-362. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.12.027. Epub 2016 Dec 22.
Typing while walking is an example of people's ability to interact with technology while engaged in real life activities. Indeed, an increasing number of studies have investigated the typing of text messages (texting) as a dual task during locomotion. The objective of this review is to (1) describe the task requirements of texting-while-walking, (2) evaluate the measurement and psychometric properties of texting as a dual task, and (3) formulate methodological recommendations for researchers who use and report on texting-while-walking. Twenty studies which used texting as a dual task during gait were identified via a literature search. The majority of these studies examined texting among young healthy adults and showed that, like other dual tasks, texting-while-walking caused decrements in both gait and texting performance. The cause of these decrements was most likely related to increased visual task requirements, task-dependent cognitive requirements and fine motor skills. Texting-while-walking gait measures were repeatable, but texting performance showed poor reliability which further depended on skill. Preliminary results show that texting-while-walking performance may discriminate between populations (e.g., young vs. older adults) but no studies have yet examined its predictive validity (e.g., for fall risk). In conclusion, texting-while-walking is an ecologically-valid dual task for locomotion which has become much more commonly used in recent years. As opposed to other secondary tasks such as subtraction by 7 or generating words, texting may challenge various cognitive, visual and sensorimotor domains depending on its content. This imposes task-specific methodological challenges on future research, which are discussed.
边走边打字是人们在进行现实生活活动时与技术互动能力的一个例子。事实上，越来越多的研究将在行走过程中发送短信（发短信）作为一项双重任务进行了调查。本综述的目的是：（1）描述边走边发短信的任务要求；（2）评估将发短信作为双重任务的测量方法和心理测量特性；（3）为使用和报告边走边发短信情况的研究人员制定方法学建议。通过文献检索，确定了20项在步态过程中使用发短信作为双重任务的研究。这些研究大多针对年轻健康成年人进行了短信测试，结果表明，与其他双重任务一样，边走边发短信会导致步态和短信发送表现下降。这些下降的原因很可能与视觉任务需求增加、任务相关认知需求以及精细运动技能有关。边走边发短信时的步态测量具有可重复性，但短信发送表现的可靠性较差，且这还进一步取决于技能水平。初步结果表明，边走边发短信的表现可能在不同人群（如年轻人与老年人）之间存在差异，但尚无研究考察其预测效度（如对跌倒风险的预测效度）。总之，边走边发短信是一种生态效度良好的行走双重任务，近年来其应用越来越普遍。与其他次要任务（如连续减7或生成单词）不同，发短信可能会根据其内容对各种认知、视觉和感觉运动领域构成挑战。这给未来的研究带来了特定任务的方法学挑战，本文对此进行了讨论。
