牙科学生、校友及牙医对领导力的看法：牙科领导力学者项目的影响

Dental Students', Alumni, and Dentists' Perspectives on Leadership: Impact of the Scholars Program in Dental Leadership.

作者信息

Niemchick Audrey L, Delgado Jessica, Taichman Russell S, Inglehart Marita R

机构信息

Ms. Niemchick is a dental student, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan; Dr. Delgado is a resident, Orthodontic Graduate Program, Dental School, University of Detroit Mercy; Dr. Taichman is Major M. Ash Collegiate Professor, Associate Dean for Research, and Professor of Dentistry, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan; and Dr. Inglehart is Professor of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, and Adjunct Professor, Department of Psychology, College of Literature, Science of Arts, University of Michigan.

出版信息

J Dent Educ. 2017 Jan;81(1):44-53.

PMID:28049677

Abstract

In 2006, the Scholars Program in Dental Leadership (SPDL) was created at the University of Michigan School of Dentistry with the aim of preparing dental students to take on leadership roles in their profession and communities. The aims of this quantitative study were to investigate how SPDL alumni and current participants evaluated this program; to assess whether SPDL alumni evaluated their leadership-related educational experiences, leadership perceptions, and attitudes towards leadership activities in dentistry more positively than did non-SPDL dental students and general dentists; and to explore if leadership-related educational/clinical experiences were correlated with these constructs. Participants were 218 of 431 dental students across all four years (response rate 51%), 32 of whom were participants in the SPDL; 32 of 53 SPDL alumni (response rate 60%); and 595 of 3,000 general dentists invited to participate (response rate 20%). Both current and past SPDL participants evaluated the program on average positively (3.75 and 3.92, respectively, on a five-point scale). Non-SPDL students and alumni evaluated leadership-related educational experiences more positively than did the dentists (3.65/3.61 vs. 2.49; p<0.001). Their evaluations of different indicators of dental leadership differed as well. Students and alumni evaluated being recognized (4.40/4.60 vs. 4.20; p<0.001), making a contribution to the community (4.04/4.40 vs. 3.81; p<0.001), and views on practice efficiency (4.61/4.53 vs. 4.36; p<0.001) more positively than did the general dentists. The SPDL alumni had more positive evaluations of organized dentistry (4.17 vs. 3.77/3.71; p=0.045) and academia (3.97 vs. 3.48/3.45; p=0.01) than did the students and general dentists. Educational/clinical experiences were positively correlated with most leadership-related constructs. These results showed that the SPDL positively affected alumni perceptions of leadership indicators and attitudes.

摘要

2006年，密歇根大学牙科学院设立了牙科领导力学者项目（SPDL），旨在培养牙科学生在其专业领域和社区中担任领导角色。这项定量研究的目的是调查SPDL校友和现任参与者如何评价该项目；评估SPDL校友是否比非SPDL牙科学生和普通牙医对与领导力相关的教育经历、领导力认知以及对牙科领导活动的态度评价更积极；并探讨与领导力相关的教育/临床经历是否与这些构念相关。参与者包括来自四年制所有年级的431名牙科学生中的218名（回复率51%），其中32名是SPDL的参与者；53名SPDL校友中的32名（回复率60%）；以及受邀参与的3000名普通牙医中的595名（回复率20%）。现任和往届SPDL参与者对该项目的评价平均较为积极（分别为5分制中的3.75分和3.92分）。非SPDL学生和校友对与领导力相关的教育经历的评价比牙医更积极（3.65/3.61对2.49；p<0.001）。他们对牙科领导力不同指标的评价也有所不同。学生和校友对获得认可（4.40/4.60对4.20；p<0.001）、为社区做出贡献（4.04/4.40对3.81；p<0.001）以及对实践效率的看法（4.61/4.53对4.36；p<0.001）的评价比普通牙医更积极。SPDL校友对有组织的牙科行业（4.17对3.77/3.71；p=0.045）和学术界（3.97对3.48/3.45；p=0.01）的评价比学生和普通牙医更积极。教育/临床经历与大多数与领导力相关的构念呈正相关。这些结果表明，SPDL对校友对领导力指标和态度的认知产生了积极影响。