Wang Lu, Palacios Elmer Lara
Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada.
J Immigr Minor Health. 2017 Jun;19(3):665-673. doi: 10.1007/s10903-016-0538-4.
While much literature has examined immigrants' health in Canada, less attention has focused specifically on the life stress, an important yet understudied post-migration challenge which may lead to poor coping strategies and negative health consequences. For this study, the pooled 2009-2014 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) was analyzed, using multilevel logistic regression to examine the compositional effects (at an individual level) and areal effects (at a CMA/CA level) on reported high life stress. Separate models have been run for immigrants and non-immigrants for comparative purposes. The results reveal different ways in which select individual socioeconomic and lifestyle factors affect life stress. A statistically significant yet small areal effect at the CMA/CA level on life stress was identified for both immigrants and non-immigrants. When comparing immigrants to non-immigrants, factors such as smoking, length of residency in Canada, and mental health status were found to be particularly informative for predicting high life stress among immigrants. A Healthy Immigrant Effect (HIE) is partially evident, as immigrants with a longer stay in Canada are more likely to be highly stressed than recent arrivals. The areal effect on variances in high life stress is minimal, suggesting the importance of focusing on individual-level effects as stress predictors.
虽然有大量文献研究了加拿大移民的健康状况，但对生活压力的关注较少，而生活压力是移民后一个重要但未得到充分研究的挑战，可能导致应对策略不当和负面健康后果。在本研究中，对2009 - 2014年加拿大社区健康调查（CCHS）的汇总数据进行了分析，使用多层次逻辑回归来检验报告的高生活压力的构成效应（个体层面）和区域效应（人口普查大都市区/普查区层面）。为了进行比较，分别为移民和非移民建立了模型。结果揭示了特定个体社会经济和生活方式因素影响生活压力的不同方式。在人口普查大都市区/普查区层面，移民和非移民的生活压力均存在统计学上显著但较小的区域效应。在将移民与非移民进行比较时，发现吸烟、在加拿大的居住时间和心理健康状况等因素对于预测移民中的高生活压力特别有参考价值。健康移民效应（HIE）部分明显，因为在加拿大停留时间较长的移民比新移民更有可能承受高压力。高生活压力方差的区域效应最小，这表明将个体层面的效应作为压力预测指标的重要性。
