The Ohio State University, United States.
The Ohio State University, United States.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2017 Sep;119:108-118. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.12.014. Epub 2017 Jan 3.
Motivational models of psychopathology have long been advanced by psychophysiologists, and have provided key insights into neurobiological mechanisms of a wide range of psychiatric disorders. These accounts emphasize individual differences in activity and reactivity of bottom-up, subcortical neural systems of approach and avoidance in affecting behavior. Largely independent literatures emphasize the roles of top-down, cortical deficits in emotion regulation and executive function in conferring vulnerability to psychopathology. To date however, few models effectively integrate functions performed by bottom-up emotion generation system with those performed by top-down emotion regulation systems in accounting for alternative expressions of psychopathology. In this article, we present such a model, and describe how it accommodates the well replicated bifactor structure of psychopathology. We describe how excessive approach motivation maps directly into externalizing liability, how excessive passive avoidance motivation maps directly into internalizing liability, and how emotion dysregulation and executive function map onto general liability. This approach is consistent with the Research Domain Criteria initiative, which assumes that a limited number of brain systems interact to confer vulnerability to many if not most forms of psychopathology.
动机模型的精神病理学长期以来一直被精神生理学家所推崇，并为广泛的精神障碍的神经生物学机制提供了关键的见解。这些解释强调了个体在上下行、皮质下的趋近和回避神经网络的活动和反应性的差异，这些差异影响着行为。大量独立的文献强调了自上而下的、皮质的情绪调节和执行功能缺陷在易患精神病理学方面的作用。然而，到目前为止，很少有模型能够有效地整合由下而上的情绪产生系统和由上而下的情绪调节系统所执行的功能，以解释精神病理学的替代表现。在本文中，我们提出了这样一个模型，并描述了它如何适应精神病理学的复制良好的双因素结构。我们描述了过度的趋近动机如何直接映射到外化的倾向，过度的被动回避动机如何直接映射到内化的倾向，以及情绪调节和执行功能如何映射到一般的倾向。这种方法与研究领域标准倡议一致，该倡议假设，有限数量的大脑系统相互作用，使许多（如果不是大多数）形式的精神病理学都变得脆弱。
