Light extraction from surface plasmon polaritons and substrate/waveguide modes in organic light-emitting devices with silver-nanomesh electrodes.

Light out-coupling of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with silver (Ag)-nanomesh electrodes was examined. Experimental results for the OLEDs with nine different nanomesh dimensions were compared with simulation results to elucidate the dimensional effect of the nanomesh on the light out-coupling behavior of the devices. The Ag-nanomesh electrodes did not only increase the transparency of the Ag electrode due to periodic nanoholes but also enhanced light extraction from surface plasmon polaritons and substrate/waveguide modes in the devices. The simulation results show similar trends with the experimental results for the optical transmittance, emission spectrum, and efficiency enhancement. With a nanomesh dimension of 480 nm period and 50% fill factor, the OLEDs with the Ag-nanomesh electrode showed 1.66 times higher efficiency than those with a planar Ag electrode did. Using our validated simulation, we construct an external quantum efficiency map in full ranges of the period and fill factor of the Ag-nanomesh electrode to find out the optimum nanomesh dimension.