Borrow A P, Handa R J
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.
Vitam Horm. 2017;103:27-52. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.08.004. Epub 2016 Oct 13.
Estrogens exert profound effects on the expression of anxiety in humans and rodents; however, the directionality of these effects varies considerably within both clinical and preclinical literature. It is believed that discrepancies regarding the nature of estrogens' effects on anxiety are attributable to the differential effects of specific estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes. In this chapter we will discuss the relative impact on anxiety and anxiety-like behavior of each of the three main ERs: ERα, which has a generally anxiogenic effect, ERβ, which has a generally anxiolytic effect, and the G-protein-coupled ER known as GPR30, which has been found to both increase and decrease anxiety-like behavior. In addition, we will describe the known mechanisms by which these receptor subtypes exert their influence on emotional responses, focusing on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the oxytocinergic and serotonergic systems. The impact of estrogens on the expression of anxiety is likely the result of their combined effects on all of these neurobiological systems.
雌激素对人类和啮齿动物的焦虑表达有着深远影响；然而，在临床和临床前文献中，这些影响的方向性差异很大。人们认为，雌激素对焦虑影响的性质存在差异，这归因于特定雌激素受体（ER）亚型的不同作用。在本章中，我们将讨论三种主要ER对焦虑及焦虑样行为的相对影响：ERα通常具有致焦虑作用，ERβ通常具有抗焦虑作用，以及被称为GPR30的G蛋白偶联雌激素受体，已发现其既能增加也能减少焦虑样行为。此外，我们将描述这些受体亚型对情绪反应产生影响的已知机制，重点关注下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺轴以及催产素能和血清素能系统。雌激素对焦虑表达的影响可能是它们对所有这些神经生物学系统综合作用的结果。
