Rodriguez E Rene, Tan Carmela D
Department of Pathology, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195.
Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2017 Jan-Feb;59(4):327-340. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2016.12.010. Epub 2017 Jan 4.
The normal gross anatomy and light microscopy of the human pericardium are presented in detail that allows easy correlation with current cardiac imaging modalities. The anatomical structures of the parietal pericardium are shown from its mediastinal surface, including its ligaments to the sternum, diaphragm and vertebral column. The attachments of the parietal pericardium to the great vessels showing the intrapericardial location of the root of the aorta and pulmonary artery are documented. Also the attachments of the parietal pericardium to the venae cavae and the pulmonary veins are illustrated in detail. The internal anatomy of the parietal pericardium emphasizing the oblique and transverse sinuses is explained. The microscopic differences between the structures of the parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium (epicardium) are shown as the basis that allows understanding the spectrum of adaptation of the pericardium to diverse pathologic processes. However, the pathology of the pericardium is not discussed in this review.
本文详细介绍了人心包的正常大体解剖结构和光学显微镜下结构，便于与当前的心脏成像方式进行对照。从纵隔面展示了壁层心包的解剖结构，包括其与胸骨、膈肌和脊柱的韧带。记录了壁层心包与大血管的附着情况，显示了主动脉根部和肺动脉在心包内的位置。还详细说明了壁层心包与腔静脉和肺静脉的附着情况。解释了壁层心包的内部解剖结构，重点强调了斜窦和横窦。展示了壁层心包和脏层心包（心外膜）结构的微观差异，作为理解心包对各种病理过程适应范围的基础。然而，本综述未讨论心包的病理学。
